1H NMR metabolite profiling of feces as a tool to assess the impact of nutrition on the human microbiome
1H NMR metabolite profiling of feces as a tool to assess the impact of nutrition on the human microbiome
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DOI：
10.1002/nbm.1233
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发表时间：
2008-07-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
van Duynhoven, John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jacobs, Doris M.;Deltimple, Nancy;van Duynhoven, John
目前的研究越来越多地认识到人类肠道微生物组是一种代谢上通用的生物“消化器”，在调节宿主代谢组中起着至关重要的作用。肠道微生物群从食物中恢复能量和生物活性分子，否则这些分子将被从肠道中冲洗出来而没有益处。在这项研究中，开发了一种基于NMR的代谢物分析方案，以评估微生物组的活性。已发现粪便代谢物的理化性质强烈影响所获得的图谱的重现性和覆盖范围。通过水和甲醇提取冻干粪便产生的代谢物谱是可重现的，并且包括各种不同的化合物，其中包括短链脂肪酸（例如乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、异戊酸、苹果酸）、有机酸（例如琥珀酸盐、丙酮酸盐、富马酸盐、乳酸盐）、氨基酸、尿嘧啶、三甲胺、乙醇、甘油、葡萄糖、酚酸、胆酸盐和脂质组分。在来自双盲、安慰剂对照、随机交叉研究的粪便样品上验证了NMR谱分析方法，其中健康人类受试者在4周的时间内分别食用安慰剂和葡萄汁提取物或葡萄汁和葡萄酒提取物的混合物。观察到的相当大的个体间和个体内变异性首先源于可变的代谢物浓度，而不是可变的代谢物组成，这表明不同的结肠植物群共享一般生化特征，将不同的底物代谢为特定的代谢模式。与安慰剂相比，葡萄汁提取物没有引起代谢物谱的变化，而葡萄汁和葡萄酒提取物的混合物引起异丁酸盐的减少，这可能表明多酚能够调节肠道的微生物生态。版权所有（C）2007约翰威利父子有限公司
Current research increasingly recognizes the human gut microbiome as a metabolically versatile biological 'digester' that plays an essential role in regulating the host metabolome. Gut microbiota recover energy and biologically active molecules from food that would otherwise be washed out of the intestinal tract without benefit. In this study, a protocol for NMR-based metabolite profiling has been developed to access the activity of the microbiome. The physicochemical properties of fecal metabolites have been found to strongly affect the reproducibility and coverage of the profiles obtained. Metabolite profiles generated by water and methanol extraction of lyophilized feces are reproducible and comprise a variety of different compounds including, among others, short-chain fatty acids (e.g. acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, malate), organic acids (e.g. succinate, pyruvate, fumarate, lactate), amino acids, uracil, trimethylamine, ethanol, glycerol, glucose, phenolic acids, cholate, and lipid components. The NMR profiling approach was validated on fecal samples from a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over study, in which healthy human subjects consumed a placebo and either a grape juice extract or a mix of grape juice and wine extract over a period of 4 weeks, each. The considerable inter- and intra-individual variability observed originates in the first instance from variable metabolite concentrations rather than from variable metabolite compositions, suggesting that different colonic flora share general biochemical characteristics metabolizing different substrates to specific metabolic patterns. Whereas the grape juice extract did not induce changes in the metabolite profiles as compared with the placebo, the mixture of grape juice and wine extract induced a reduction in isobutyrate, which may indicate that polyphenols are able to modulate the microbial ecology of the gut. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.