Polarization of host immune responses by helminth-expressed glycans.
Polarization of host immune responses by helminth-expressed glycans.
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蠕虫表达的聚糖对宿主免疫反应的极化。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06618.x
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
HarnJr,DonaldA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tundup,Smanla;Srivastava,Leena;HarnJr,DonaldA
寄生虫使宿主的CD4+T辅助细胞(Th)偏向Th2反应，驱动巨噬细胞的替代激活，并扩大T调节细胞。蠕虫表达的碳水化合物在驱动这种免疫细胞偏向的很大程度上起着关键作用。对蠕虫多糖的研究主要集中在Lewis X，LDN，LDN-DF，其他岩藻糖化结构，几丁质，酪糖和海藻糖，它们通过C型凝集素和/或Toll样受体(TLR)与宿主抗原提呈细胞(APC)最小限度地相互作用。在这里，我们回顾了最近通过C型凝集素/TLRs激活APC的蠕虫多糖的研究结果，并介绍了糖基化的蠕虫分子需要内吞作用作为免疫调节剂的概念。其次，我们描述了未发表的数据表明，在活体糖偶联物中，载体上含有多个拷贝的多糖是直接免疫调节的。最后，我们讨论了在蠕虫感染过程中CD14负性调节APC交替激活的观察结果。最后，我们讨论了免疫调节多糖作为疫苗佐剂和抗炎治疗药物的用途。
Helminth parasites bias host CD4+T helper (Th) cells toward Th2 responses, drive alternative activation of macrophages, and expand T regulatory cells. Helminth‐expressed carbohydrates play critical roles in driving much of this immune cell biasing. Studies on helminth glycans have focused on Lewis X, LDN, LDN‐DF, other fucosylated structures, chitin, tyvelose, and trehalose, which interact with host antigen presenting cells (APCs) minimally via C‐type lectins and/or Toll‐like receptors (TLR). Here, we review recent findings on helminth glycan activation of APCs via C‐type lectin/TLRs and introduce the concept that glycosylated helminth molecules require endocytosis to function as immune modulators. Second, we describe unpublished data showing thatin vivoglycoconjugates comprising multiple copies of glycans on carriers are directly immune modulatory. Lastly, we discuss the observation that CD14 negatively regulates alternative activation of APCs during helminth infection. We close with a discussion on the use of immune modulatory glycans as vaccine adjuvants and as antiinflammatory therapeutics.