Non-Cell Autonomous and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Huntington's Disease.

Non-Cell Autonomous and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Huntington's Disease.
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DOI:
10.3390/ijms222212499
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发表时间:
2021-11-19
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Ryu H
Ryu H
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kim C;Yousefian-Jazi A;Choi SH;Chang I;Lee J;Ryu H

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亨廷顿氏病(Huntington's disease,HD)是一种罕见的神经退行性疾病,由人类4号染色体亨廷顿蛋白(Huntingtin,HTT)基因第1外显子CAG三核苷酸重复序列扩增引起。HTT蛋白在大脑中广泛表达。具体而言,突变HTT(mHTT)蛋白介导的毒性导致大脑许多区域中纹状体的急剧变性。HD症状表现为主要的不自主运动,随后是认知和精神功能障碍。在这篇综述中,我们解决了传统的野生型HTT(wtHTT)的作用和mHTT蛋白如何破坏中型棘神经元(MSN)的功能。我们还讨论了mHTT如何调节表观遗传修饰和MSN的转录途径。此外,我们定义了非细胞自主通路如何导致HD病理条件下的MSNs的损伤和死亡。最后,我们概述了HD的治疗方法。总之,对HD精确神经病理机制的理解可能会改善治疗HD发作和进展的治疗方法。
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeat located in the exon 1 of Huntingtin (HTT) gene in human chromosome 4. The HTT protein is ubiquitously expressed in the brain. Specifically, mutant HTT (mHTT) protein-mediated toxicity leads to a dramatic degeneration of the striatum among many regions of the brain. HD symptoms exhibit a major involuntary movement followed by cognitive and psychiatric dysfunctions. In this review, we address the conventional role of wild type HTT (wtHTT) and how mHTT protein disrupts the function of medium spiny neurons (MSNs). We also discuss how mHTT modulates epigenetic modifications and transcriptional pathways in MSNs. In addition, we define how non-cell autonomous pathways lead to damage and death of MSNs under HD pathological conditions. Lastly, we overview therapeutic approaches for HD. Together, understanding of precise neuropathological mechanisms of HD may improve therapeutic approaches to treat the onset and progression of HD.
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