Can Sex-Specific Metabolic Rates Provide Insight into Patterns of Metabolic Scaling?
Can Sex-Specific Metabolic Rates Provide Insight into Patterns of Metabolic Scaling?
复制标题
特定性别的代谢率能否提供对代谢规模模式的洞察？
DOI：
10.1093/icb/icac135
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Falk, Jay J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Somjee, Ummat;Shankar, Anusha;Falk, Jay J
雌性和雄性在身体大小、相对特征大小、生理和行为上可以表现出显著的差异。因此，两性的全身能量利用率可能有很大差异，或者通过不同的生理机制达到相似的比率。然而，许多测量代谢率和体型之间关系的研究只关注单一性别（更常见的是男性），或者不区分性别。我们提出了四个原因，为什么明确关注两性之间的能量使用可以深入了解生理机制，形成更广泛的模式，在自然界中的代谢缩放。首先，两性在生殖方面的相对投资往往有很大差异，这在很大程度上决定了生命史和能源使用率。第二，男性和女性共享大部分基因组，但可能会经历不同的选择压力。性别特异性能量谱可以揭示个体的能量需求是如何满足的，尽管面临物种内遗传限制的挑战。第三，性选择常常将生长和行为推向生理极端。夸张的性选择性状往往是最突出的一个性别，可以包括高达50%的体重，从而提供机会，发现性状的生长和维持的精力充沛的限制。最后，行为的性别差异，如交配展示，长距离传播，求爱，可以导致两性之间的能量分配完全不同;支持这种行为的生理学可以塑造代谢缩放模式。女性，男性和雌雄同体动物的代谢缩放机制可以提供机会，以开发可测试的预测，增强我们对自然界中充满活力的缩放模式的理解。
Females and males can exhibit striking differences in body size, relative trait size, physiology, and behavior. As a consequence, the sexes can have very different rates of whole-body energy use, or converge on similar rates through different physiological mechanisms. Yet many studies that measure the relationship between metabolic rate and body size only pay attention to a single sex (more often males), or do not distinguish between sexes. We present four reasons why explicit attention to energy-use between the sexes can yield insight into the physiological mechanisms that shape broader patterns of metabolic scaling in nature. First, the sexes often differ considerably in their relative investment in reproduction, which shapes much of life-history and rates of energy use. Second, males and females share a majority of their genome but may experience different selective pressures. Sex-specific energy profiles can reveal how the energetic needs of individuals are met despite the challenge of within-species genetic constraints. Third, sexual selection often pushes growth and behavior to physiological extremes. Exaggerated sexually selected traits are often most prominent in one sex, can comprise up to 50% of body mass, and thus provide opportunities to uncover energetic constraints of trait growth and maintenance. Finally, sex-differences in behavior such as mating-displays, long-distance dispersal, and courtship can lead to drastically different energy allocation among the sexes; the physiology to support this behavior can shape patterns of metabolic scaling. The mechanisms underlying metabolic scaling in females, males, and hermaphroditic animals can provide opportunities to develop testable predictions that enhance our understanding of energetic scaling patterns in nature.