Analysis, occurrence and fate of commonly used pharmaceuticals and hormones in the Buyukcekmece Watershed, Turkey
Analysis, occurrence and fate of commonly used pharmaceuticals and hormones in the Buyukcekmece Watershed, Turkey
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.10.074
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发表时间：
2013-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Talinli, Ilhan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aydin, Egemen;Talinli, Ilhan
本研究调查了土耳其伊斯坦布尔地表水中14种常用药物（抗生素、受体阻滞剂、非甾体抗炎药和兴奋剂）和激素的出现情况。选取重要的饮用水源布尤克切梅梅湖和流入该湖的主要河流进行化合物监测。为了观察季节变化，每年进行五次采样。采用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱联用技术，建立了一种快速、稳健、灵敏的药物和激素定量方法。定量限为0.5 ~ 1.1 ng L-1。超纯水和地表水的回收率分别为72 ~ 119%和61 ~ 98%。所有选定的化合物在样品中至少检测到一次。在河流中检测到的一些药物含量高达每升几微克。最常检测到的化合物是咖啡因和抗生素（阿莫西林、环丙沙星、红霉素和磺胺甲恶唑）。合成激素（17 α -乙炔雌二醇）在整个采样周期内仅检出4次，对应的检出最少的化合物。实地数据证实，与其他抗生素相比，阿莫西林更容易降解。雌酮和17- β雌二醇在地表水中通过自然过程转化为雌三醇。(c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
The occurrence of 14 mostly used pharmaceuticals from different classes (antibiotics, beta-blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and stimulant) and hormones in surface water in Istanbul, Turkey was investigated in this study. An important drinking water source, Buyukcekmece Lake and main rivers flowing into the lake were selected for the monitoring of the compounds. Sampling was conducted five different times in a year in order to observe seasonal changes. A rapid, robust and sensitive method using solid phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatograph coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer was established for quantification of both pharmaceuticals and hormones. Limit of quantifications were between 0.5 and 1.1 ng L-1. Recoveries were between 72-119% and 61-98% for ultra-pure water and for surface water, respectively. All selected compounds were detected at least once in the samples. Some pharmaceuticals were detected as high as a few of micrograms per liter levels in the rivers. Most frequently detected compounds were caffeine and antibiotics (amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and sulfamethoxazole). Synthetic hormone (17 alpha-ethynylestradiol) was detected only 4 times corresponding least detected compound in whole sampling period. Field data confirms that amoxicillin is more prone to degradation with respect to other antibiotics. Estrone and 17-beta estradiol are converted to estriol by natural processes in surface water. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.