For Better or for Worse? A Systematic Review of the Evidence on Social Media Use and Depression Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Minorities.
For Better or for Worse? A Systematic Review of the Evidence on Social Media Use and Depression Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Minorities.
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DOI：
10.2196/10496
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发表时间：
2018-07-23
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Primack BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Escobar-Viera CG;Whitfield DL;Wessel CB;Shensa A;Sidani JE;Brown AL;Chandler CJ;Hoffman BL;Marshal MP;Primack BA
超过90%的美国成年人至少拥有一个社交媒体账户，女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋（LGB）在社交媒体上比异性恋更活跃。男女同性恋者的抑郁症发病率比异性恋者高1.5至2倍。社交媒体允许用户连接，互动和表达想法，情感，感受和想法。因此，社交媒体的使用可能是LGB人群抑郁症的保护因素和风险因素。研究社交媒体使用与LGB个体抑郁症之间关系的性质是为这一人群提供公共卫生干预措施的必要步骤。这项系统性综述的目的是综合和批判LGB人群中社交媒体使用和抑郁症的证据。我们使用3个电子数据库对2003年1月至2017年6月期间发表的定量和定性研究进行了文献检索。如果文章经过同行评审，使用英语，定量或定性评估社交媒体使用，测量抑郁症，并关注LGB人群，则将其纳入。至少有两名作者使用先验开发的抽象形式从每项研究中独立提取数据。我们分别使用加强流行病学观察性研究报告和定性研究报告统一标准评估了定量和定性研究的适当报告。我们在综述中纳入了11篇文章; 9项研究是定量和横断面研究，2项是定性研究。对结果的适当报告差别很大。在定量研究中，我们发现社交媒体使用的定义和测量方式存在异质性。网络欺凌是研究最多的社交媒体体验，与抑郁和自杀有关。定性研究发现，虽然社交媒体提供了一个披露少数群体经历和分享科普和获得支持的方法的空间，但对一个人的社交媒体资料的持续监视可能成为一种压力源，可能导致抑郁症。在大多数研究中，性少数参与者的识别不一致。这篇综述支持研究社交媒体使用对LBG人群抑郁症结局的作用。使用社交媒体可能是LGB个体抑郁症的保护性和风险因素。通过社交媒体获得的支持可以缓冲地理隔离和孤独的影响。消极的经历，如网络欺凌和其他使用模式可能与抑郁症有关。未来的研究将受益于对社交媒体使用和研究人群更一致的定义。此外，使用更大的样本并考虑使用模式和个人在社交媒体上的经历可能有助于更好地了解影响LGB心理健康差异的因素。
Over 90% of adults in the United States have at least one social media account, and lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) persons are more socially active on social media than heterosexuals. Rates of depression among LGB persons are between 1.5- and 2-fold higher than those among their heterosexual counterparts. Social media allows users to connect, interact, and express ideas, emotions, feelings, and thoughts. Thus, social media use might represent both a protective and a risk factor for depression among LGB persons. Studying the nature of the relationship between social media use and depression among LGB individuals is a necessary step to inform public health interventions for this population. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize and critique the evidence on social media use and depression among LGB populations. We conducted a literature search for quantitative and qualitative studies published between January 2003 and June 2017 using 3 electronic databases. Articles were included if they were peer-reviewed, were in English, assessed social media use either quantitatively or qualitatively, measured depression, and focused on LGB populations. A minimum of two authors independently extracted data from each study using an a priori developed abstraction form. We assessed appropriate reporting of studies using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research for quantitative and qualitative studies, respectively. We included 11 articles in the review; 9 studies were quantitative and cross-sectional and 2 were qualitative. Appropriate reporting of results varied greatly. Across quantitative studies, we found heterogeneity in how social media use was defined and measured. Cyberbullying was the most studied social media experience and was associated with depression and suicidality. Qualitative studies found that while social media provides a space to disclose minority experiences and share ways to cope and get support, constant surveillance of one’s social media profile can become a stressor, potentially leading to depression. In most studies, sexual minority participants were identified inconsistently. This review supports the need for research on the role of social media use on depression outcomes among LBG persons. Using social media may be both a protective and a risk factor for depression among LGB individuals. Support gained via social media may buffer the impact of geographic isolation and loneliness. Negative experiences such as cyberbullying and other patterns of use may be associated with depression. Future research would benefit from more consistent definitions of both social media use and study populations. Moreover, use of larger samples and accounting for patterns of use and individuals’ experiences on social media may help better understand the factors that impact LGB mental health disparities.