Variations on a theme: bumblebee learning flights from the nest and from flowers
Variations on a theme: bumblebee learning flights from the nest and from flowers
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.172601
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Collett, Thomas S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robert, Theo;Frasnelli, Elisa;Collett, Thomas S.
当蜜蜂和黄蜂离开它们将要返回的重要地点时，它们会进行学习飞行，以获取视觉信息，引导它们返回。这些飞行被设置在不同的环境中，比如它们的巢或一朵花，它们在功能和视觉上都是不同的。大黄蜂工蜂的永久和不显眼的巢洞主要通过附近的视觉特征来定位，而更短暂的花朵则通过它的颜色和形状来宣传自己。我们比较了大黄蜂离开巢穴或花朵的学习飞行，在实验情况下，巢洞，花朵和它们的周围环境在视觉上相似。因此，学习飞行的差异可以归因于蜜蜂离开巢穴或花朵时的内部状态，而不是视觉场景。在花上的飞行时间是在巢上的飞行时间的四分之一，并且更关注花而不是周围的环境。蜜蜂在巢上的飞行覆盖了更大的区域，调查了更广泛的方向。在学习飞行的最初三分之一的时间里，蜜蜂保持在离花和巢洞约5厘米的范围内，并倾向于面对和注视巢、花和附近的视觉特征。这些注视的模式在巢和花之间有所不同，这些差异反映在蜜蜂返回巢和花的飞行中。总之，这些发现表明，学习飞行与蜜蜂对巢和花的视觉和功能特性的内在期望有关。
On leaving a significant place to which they will return, bees and wasps perform learning flights to acquire visual information to guide them back. The flights are set in different contexts, such as from their nest or a flower, which are functionally and visually different. The permanent and inconspicuous nest hole of a bumblebee worker is locatable primarily through nearby visual features, whereas a more transient flower advertises itself by its colour and shape. We compared the learning flights of bumblebees leaving their nest or a flower in an experimental situation in which the nest hole, flower and their surroundings were visually similar. Consequently, differences in learning flights could be attributed to the bee's internal state when leaving the nest or flower rather than to the visual scene. Flights at the flower were a quarter as long as those at the nest and more focused on the flower than its surroundings. Flights at the nest covered a larger area with the bees surveying a wider range of directions. For the initial third of the learning flight, bees kept within about 5 cm of the flower and nest hole, and tended to face and fixate the nest, flower and nearby visual features. The pattern of these fixations varied between nest and flower, and these differences were reflected in the bees' return flights to the nest and flower. Together, these findings suggest that learning flights are tuned to the bees' inherent expectations of the visual and functional properties of nests and flowers.