First recorded eruption of Nabro volcano, Eritrea, 2011.
First recorded eruption of Nabro volcano, Eritrea, 2011.
复制标题
首次记录了纳布罗火山的爆发，厄立特里亚，2011年。
DOI：
10.1007/s00445-015-0966-3
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Berhe S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goitom B;Oppenheimer C;Hammond JO;Grandin R;Barnie T;Donovan A;Ogubazghi G;Yohannes E;Kibrom G;Kendall JM;Carn SA;Fee D;Sealing C;Keir D;Ayele A;Blundy J;Hamlyn J;Wright T;Berhe S
我们综合了对2011年6月12日开始的厄立特里亚纳布罗火山第一次有记录的喷发的各种观测。虽然当时没有对该火山进行监测，但通过分析区域地震和次声数据以及卫星遥感数据，并辅之以对喷发产物的岩石学分析和简短的实地调查，可以重建喷发的性质和演变。这一事件值得注意的是，该地区有记录的历史喷发和一般的破火山口系统都比较罕见，尽管阿法尔地区人口密度低，但向大气中排放了大量的二氧化硫，并对人类造成了重大影响。这也有助于理解火山岩带更广泛的岩浆和构造意义，纳布罗火山岩带是其中的一部分，斜向红海和北方阿法尔的主要裂谷方向。喷发的熔岩和火山灰的全岩成分范围从粗面玄武质到粗面玄武质安山岩，以晶体为主体的熔融包裹体含有高达3,000 ppm的硫。火山爆发之前，区域传感器网络检测到了严重的地震活动，并伴随着持续的震颤。在距离喷口数百至数千公里的地方记录到大量次声，从喷发开始，持续数周。地面变形的分析表明，喷发是由一个浅，西北-东南走向的堤坝，这是一致的现场和卫星观测的喷口分布。尽管该国对火山事件缺乏事先规划和准备，但迅速协调应急行动减轻了火山爆发造成的人员损失。
We present a synthesis of diverse observations of the first recorded eruption of Nabro volcano, Eritrea, which began on 12 June 2011. While no monitoring of the volcano was in effect at the time, it has been possible to reconstruct the nature and evolution of the eruption through analysis of regional seismological and infrasound data and satellite remote sensing data, supplemented by petrological analysis of erupted products and brief field surveys. The event is notable for the comparative rarity of recorded historical eruptions in the region and of caldera systems in general, for the prodigious quantity of SO2 emitted into the atmosphere and the significant human impacts that ensued notwithstanding the low population density of the Afar region. It is also relevant in understanding the broader magmatic and tectonic significance of the volcanic massif of which Nabro forms a part and which strikes obliquely to the principal rifting directions in the Red Sea and northern Afar. The whole-rock compositions of the erupted lavas and tephra range from trachybasaltic to trachybasaltic andesite, and crystal-hosted melt inclusions contain up to 3,000 ppm of sulphur by weight. The eruption was preceded by significant seismicity, detected by regional networks of sensors and accompanied by sustained tremor. Substantial infrasound was recorded at distances of hundreds to thousands of kilometres from the vent, beginning at the onset of the eruption and continuing for weeks. Analysis of ground deformation suggests the eruption was fed by a shallow, NW–SE-trending dike, which is consistent with field and satellite observations of vent distributions. Despite lack of prior planning and preparedness for volcanic events in the country, rapid coordination of the emergency response mitigated the human costs of the eruption.