Do arsenic levels in rice pose a health risk to the UK population?
Do arsenic levels in rice pose a health risk to the UK population?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110601
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发表时间：
2020-07-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Young, Scott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Menon, Manoj;Sarkar, Binoy;Young, Scott
食用大米和大米制品可能是无机砷（iAs）的重要暴露途径，这是人类的第1组致癌物。联合王国遵循欧盟委员会的现行规定，白色（精米）中的iAs浓度必须< 0.20 mg kg（-1），糙米（未精米）中的iAs浓度必须< 0.25 mg kg（-1）。然而，用于婴儿食品生产或直接消费的大米中的iAs浓度最高为0.1 mg kg（-1）。在这种情况下，本研究旨在评估在英国销售的不同类型的大米中的iAs浓度，并量化对英国人口的健康风险。在这里，我们评估了从一系列零售店购买的55种不同类型的大米。首先，我们分析了所有类型的大米总砷（tAs）浓度，其中42个大米样品的tAs > 0.1 mg kg（-1）选择砷形态使用HPLC-ICP-MS的基础上，我们的样品的平均浓度的iAs，我们计算的值的终身癌症风险（LCR），目标危害商（THQ）和暴露的边际（莫伊）。我们发现有机和非有机种植的水稻之间存在统计学上的显著差异。我们还发现，糙米含有显着更高浓度的iAs相比，白色或野生稻。值得注意的是，28个大米样品超过了欧盟规定的iAs最大限值（0.1 mg kg（-1）），平均iAs浓度为0.13 mg kg（-1）;因此，食用这些大米类型对婴儿的风险可能高于成人。根据莫伊，1岁以下的婴儿必须限制28种大米每天最多20克，以避免致癌风险。我们相信，透过适当的产品标签，包括有关iAs浓度的资料，消费者可更清楚知道市售产品是否适合婴幼儿使用。
Consumption of rice and rice products can be a significant exposure pathway to inorganic arsenic (iAs), which is a group 1 carcinogen to humans. The UK follows the current European Commission regulations so that iAs concentrations must be < 0.20 mg kg(-1) in white (polished) rice and < 0.25 mg kg(-1) in brown (unpolished) rice. However, iAs concentration in rice used for infant food production or direct consumption has been set at a maximum of 0.1 mg kg(-1). In this context, this study aimed to evaluate iAs concentrations in different types of rice sold in the UK and to quantify the health risks to the UK population. Here, we evaluated 55 different types of rice purchased from a range of retail outlets. First, we analysed all rice types for total As (tAs) concentration from which 42 rice samples with tAs > 0.1 mg kg(-1) were selected for As speciation using HPLC-ICP-MS. Based on the average concentration of iAs of our samples, we calculated values for the Lifetime Cancer Risk (LCR), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Margin of Exposure (MoE). We found a statistically significant difference between organically and non-organically grown rice. We also found that brown rice contained a significantly higher concentration of iAs compared to white or wild rice. Notably, 28 rice samples exceeded the iAs maximum limit stipulated by the EU (0.1 mg kg(-1)) with an average iAs concentration of 0.13 mg kg(-1); therefore consumption of these rice types could be riskier for infants than adults. Based on the MoE, it was found that infants up to 1 year must be restricted to a maximum of 20 g per day for the 28 rice types to avoid carcinogenic risks. We believe that consumers could be better informed whether the marketed product is fit for infants and young children, via appropriate product labelling containing information about iAs concentration.