Strategies for Autonomous Sensor-Brain Interfaces for Closed-Loop Sensory Reanimation of Paralyzed Limbs.
Strategies for Autonomous Sensor-Brain Interfaces for Closed-Loop Sensory Reanimation of Paralyzed Limbs.
复制标题
用于瘫痪肢体闭环感觉复活的自主传感器-大脑接口策略。
DOI：
10.1093/neuros/nyx367
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Richardson,AndrewG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lucas,TimothyH;Liu,Xilin;Zhang,Milin;Sritharan,Sri;Planell-Mendez,Ivette;Ghenbot,Yohannes;Torres-Maldonado,Solymar;Brandon,Cameron;VanderSpiegel,Jan;Richardson,AndrewG
灵巧的手是人类存在的一个决定性特征。经过数千万年的进化，现代人类能够用手完成非凡的任务。从每分钟打几百个字到演奏拉赫玛尼诺夫的第二钢琴协奏曲，灵巧的手定义了我们。不幸的是，许多疾病剥夺了我们这一人类特征。在最极端的情况下，瘫痪的人失去了大脑和外围神经之间的联系。这种情况影响了大约540万人，占美国人口的2%。目前，没有有效的治疗方法可以恢复这些人的功能。恢复手部功能是瘫痪患者最关心的问题。为了实现这一目标，近年来在运动-或传出-脑机接口（BCI）系统方面取得了重大进展。传出脑机接口系统从皮质电图（ECoG）或脑电图（EEG）中提取运动相关信息。这些模拟信号被转换成控制命令，以驱动机械臂或唤起瘫痪肢体的肌肉收缩。3-8在后面的例子中，复合手腕屈曲可以通过脑控制的前臂屈肌功能性电刺激引起。计划中的临床试验旨在利用这些科学进展，在一系列条件和控制程序中测试输出脑机接口。
The dexterous hand is a defining feature of human existence. Evolved over tens of millions of years, modern humans are able to perform remarkable tasks with their hands. From typing hundreds of words per minute to playing Rachmaninoff’s Piano Concerto No. 2, the dexterous hand defines us. Unfortunately, a number of maladies rob us of this defining human characteristic. In the most extreme case, paralyzed individuals lose communication between the brain and the periphery. This condition affects an estimated 5.4 million people, or 2% of the US population. 1 At present, no effective treatment restores function to these individuals.Regaining hand function is a principal concern for paralyzed patients. Toward this aim, significant advances in motor—or efferent—brain–computer interface (BCI) systems have occurred in recent years. Efferent BCI systems extract movement-relevant information from electrocorticography (ECoG) or electroencephalography (EEG). These analogue signals are transformed into control commands to drive robotic arms 2 or evoke muscle contractions in paralyzed limbs. 3-8 In the later example, compound wrist flexion may be evoked by brain-controlled functional electrical stimulation of forearm flexors. Planned clinical trials aim to capitalize upon these scientific advances to test efferent BCI across a range of conditions and control routines.