Industrial Policy for a Sustainable Growth Path
Industrial Policy for a Sustainable Growth Path
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可持续增长道路的产业政策
DOI：
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198706205.003.0019
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Aiginger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Aiginger
产业政策重新被提上议程，人们的共识是，“这一次”必须不同于以往。我们将工业化国家的产业政策重新定义为一种促进“高速竞争力”的战略，理解为一个经济体实现“超越gdp”目标的能力。高速公路战略的基础是先进的技能、创新、配套制度、生态雄心和积极的社会政策。这种“新产业政策”是系统性的，与其他政策相一致，并支持社会和环境目标；它不仅影响制造业，还影响整个经济结构。短期行动，如保护无法生存的公司的就业、降低化石燃料价格或降低高收入经济体的工资，都是适得其反的。在没有公共微观管理的情况下，追求一项以社会最终目标为目标的产业政策将是一项挑战。这是可以实现的。1 .制订奖励办法，特别是影响技术进步的奖励办法（例如使技术进步不那么节省劳力而更节省能源）；2 .利用政府在教育和研究部门发挥的重要作用；3 .提高公众意识；如果消费者的偏好将要求社会生态转型。
Industrial policy is back on the agenda and the consensus is that it must be different "this time" from the past. We redefine industrial policy for industrialised countries as a strategy to promote "high-road competitiveness", understood as the ability of an economy to achieve "Beyond-GDP"' Goals. High-road strategies are based on advanced skills, innovation, supporting institutions, ecological ambition and an activating social policy. This "new industrial policy" is systemic, working in alignment with other policy strands and supporting social and environmental goals; it affects the structure of the economy as the whole not only the manufacturing sector. Short-term actions, such as protecting employment in unviable companies, low prices for fossil fuels, or reducing wages in high-income economies are counterproductive. To pursue an industrial policy that targets society''s ultimate goals without public micromanagement will be challenging. It could be achieved 1. by setting incentives, particularly those impacting on technical progress (e.g., to make it less labour-saving and more energy-saving), 2. by the use of the important role governments play in the education and research sectors, 3. by greater public awareness and 4. if consumer preferences will call for socio-ecological transition.