Two steps away from novelty - principles of bacterial DNA uptake
Two steps away from novelty - principles of bacterial DNA uptake
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07647.x
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Stingl, Kerstin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krueger, Nora-Johanna;Stingl, Kerstin
在自然转化过程中，DNA穿过细菌细胞膜的运输是一个迷人而复杂的过程.它需要存在于细菌包膜中不同位点的巨大多蛋白复合物的功能完整性。在成功绘制了参与自然转化的必需基因产物之后，目前的研究重点是这些组分的功能相互作用，以了解DNA如何进入细菌的机制。在这里，我们讨论了一个两步的DNA摄取过程中主管革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性细菌的模型。第一步包括DNA从细菌表面转移到细胞质膜。为了这个目的，细菌使用各种各样的机器，大多数但不一定共享关键的同源组件。第二步是DNA穿过细胞质膜的易位，细胞质膜是一个紧密的屏障，在此建立离子梯度以使细胞分裂。穿过后者是由一个蛋白质复合物介导的，该蛋白质复合物含有一个高度保守的膜通道。基于电流数据，至少第一阶从第二阶解耦。本文综述了细菌DNA摄取的两个步骤的机制特征，通过遗传学、生物化学和生物物理学数据的综合解释。
P>Transport of DNA across bacterial membranes during natural transformation is a fascinating and elaborate process. It requires the functional integrity of huge multi-protein complexes present in the bacterial envelope at distinct loci. After successful mapping of essential gene products involved in natural transformation, current research focuses on the functional interplay of these components in order to understand the mechanisms how DNA enters the bacterium. Here, we discuss the model of a two-step DNA uptake process in competent Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The first step comprises the transfer of DNA from the bacterial surface to the cytoplasmic membrane. For this purpose, bacteria use a variety of machineries, mostly, but not necessarily, sharing key homologous components. The second step is the translocation of DNA across the cytoplasmic membrane, a tight barrier at which ion gradients are established for energization of the cell. Crossing the latter is mediated by a protein complex harbouring a highly conserved membrane channel. On the basis of current data, at least the first step is uncoupled from the second. This review intends to highlight mechanistic features of both steps of bacterial DNA uptake by the integrative interpretation of genetic, biochemical and biophysical data.