Amphetamine-induced psychosis--a separate diagnostic entity or primary psychosis triggered in the vulnerable?
Amphetamine-induced psychosis--a separate diagnostic entity or primary psychosis triggered in the vulnerable?
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-244x-12-221
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发表时间：
2012-12-05
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Franck J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bramness JG;Gundersen ØH;Guterstam J;Rognli EB;Konstenius M;Løberg EM;Medhus S;Tanum L;Franck J
苯丙胺和甲基苯丙胺的使用在一般人群中很普遍，在精神疾病患者中也很常见。安非他明可诱发与急性精神分裂症谱系精神病非常相似的精神病症状。这一直是一个使用安非他明诱导的精神病作为原发性精神障碍的模型的论点。根据急性症状来区分这两种精神病是困难的。然而，安非他明引起的急性精神病似乎有更快的恢复，似乎比精神分裂症精神病更完全地解决。在精神分裂症、异型人格和某种程度上的其他精神疾病患者中，对急性安非他明诱发精神病的易感性增加，这一点在以前曾经历过安非他明诱发精神病的非精神病患者中也有所体现。精神分裂症谱系障碍和安非他明引起的精神病进一步联系在一起，发现几个易感基因共同的两种条件。这些基因可能降低了成为精神病的门槛，并增加了疾病临床病程恶化的风险。安非他明的使用和精神病之间的复杂关系受到了很大的关注，但仍然没有得到充分的探讨。我们的论文回顾了这一领域的文献，并提出了一个压力脆弱性模型，了解安非他明的使用和精神病之间的关系。
Use of amphetamine and methamphetamine is widespread in the general population and common among patients with psychiatric disorders. Amphetamines may induce symptoms of psychosis very similar to those of acute schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. This has been an argument for using amphetamine-induced psychosis as a model for primary psychotic disorders. To distinguish the two types of psychosis on the basis of acute symptoms is difficult. However, acute psychosis induced by amphetamines seems to have a faster recovery and appears to resolve more completely compared to schizophrenic psychosis. The increased vulnerability for acute amphetamine induced psychosis seen among those with schizophrenia, schizotypal personality and, to a certain degree other psychiatric disorders, is also shared by non-psychiatric individuals who previously have experienced amphetamine-induced psychosis. Schizophrenia spectrum disorder and amphetamine-induced psychosis are further linked together by the finding of several susceptibility genes common to both conditions. These genes probably lower the threshold for becoming psychotic and increase the risk for a poorer clinical course of the disease. The complex relationship between amphetamine use and psychosis has received much attention but is still not adequately explored. Our paper reviews the literature in this field and proposes a stress-vulnerability model for understanding the relationship between amphetamine use and psychosis.