SPERM COMPETITION IN MAMMALS
SPERM COMPETITION IN MAMMALS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/0169-5347(89)90152-3
复制
发表时间：
1989-03-01
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
HUCK, UW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GINSBERG, JR;HUCK, UW
雌性乱交会导致多个雄性的精子“竞争”使单个雌性的卵子受精。这种乱交在哺乳动物中相对常见，并导致了一系列与精子竞争相关的适应。在过去的十年中，实验室科学家利用实验技术阐明了精子竞争产生的生理和行为机制。野外生物学家收集了多种哺乳动物的数据来测试精子竞争理论的预测。不幸的是，在实验室情况下发展和测试的理论并不总能解释在田地研究中观察到的性行为。精子竞争是对性选择感兴趣的问题列表中最近添加的一个问题。帕克认为，精子竞争不太可能发生在哺乳动物身上，原因如下：哺乳动物通常没有任何储存精子的方法；哺乳动物的精子不是存放在一个单一的包装中，因此很难被取代；一旦获得能力，哺乳动物的精子就会在女性生殖道中存活很短的时间。然而，在过去的十年中，大量证据表明精子竞争可能在多种哺乳动物的生殖行为进化中发挥重要作用。这些文献既来自实验室工作的生物学家，也来自现场工作的生物学家。虽然实验室研究人员已经研究了精子竞争的运作机制，但现场和比较研究更频繁地关注精子竞争发生的比较生理学、行为和社会环境。每当在一次发情期内将多个雄性的精子引入单个雌性的生殖道时，就会发生精子竞争。这种乱交在哺乳动物中很常见，并且在狮子中也有记录（Panthera
Female promiscuity cun lead to the spermatazoa of several males ‘competing’to fertilize the ova of a single female. Such promiscuity is relatively common among mammals and has resulted in a suite of adaptations associated with sperm competition. In the last decade, laboratory scientists using experimental techniques have clarified the physiological and behavioural mechanisms that result from sperm competition. Field biologists have collected data on a variety of mammals to test predictions of sperm competition theory. Unfortunately, theories developed and tested in laboratory situations do not always explain van’-ation in Gehaviour observed in fiefd studies.Sperm competition is a relatively recent addition to the list of questions that concern those interested in sexual selection. Parker’suggested that sperm competition would be unlikely to occur in mammals for several reasons: mammals do not usually have any means of storing sperm; mammalian sperm is not deposited in a single package, and hence would be difficult to displace; once capacitated, mammalian sperm survives a short time in the female reproductive tract. In the last decade, however, much evidence has come to light suggesting that sperm competition may be important in the evolution of reproductive behaviour in a wide variety of mammals. The literature has come both from biologists working in the laboratory and from those working in the field. While laboratory researchers have investigated the mechanisms by which sperm competition operates, field and comparative studies have more frequently focused on comparative physiology, behaviour, and the social environment in which sperm competition occurs. Sperm competition can occur whenever the sperm of more than one male are introduced into the reproductive tract of a single female within a single estrus period. Such promiscuity is common in mammals and has been documented in lions (Panthera