D-Aspartic acid and L-amino acids in the neural system of the amphioxus Branchiostoma lanceolatum
D-Aspartic acid and L-amino acids in the neural system of the amphioxus Branchiostoma lanceolatum
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DOI：
10.1007/s00726-006-0347-5
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Garcia-Fernandez, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D'Aniello, S.;Garcia-Fernandez, J.
文文鱼是一种头脊索动物，是与脊椎动物最接近的无脊椎动物，具有简单的类似脊椎动物的身体计划和典型的基因组。测定了欧洲文昌鱼（Branchiostoma lanceolatum）神经系统（神经管）中d -天冬氨酸（D-Asp）和主要游离l -氨基酸（L-AAs）的含量，并与软体动物和人脑的含量进行了比较。杉木神经管中含有较多的L-Glu、L-Asp、L-Ala和L-Gly。因此，文文鱼的神经管与软体动物和人类的神经系统有共同之处，即存在相当数量的L-Glu和L-Asp，这表明它们是这些系统发育较远的动物群体中最常见的神经递质。文昌鱼体内相对高浓度的L-Ala与软体动物体内的含量一致，而低浓度的牛磺酸则与人脑中的含量一致。D-Asp的浓度，在软体动物的神经系统中非常高，在文昌鱼中相当低，虽然比在人脑中观察到的极低的含量略高。我们关于游离氨基酸组成的数据与头脊索动物的中间系统发育位置一致，在从简单到复杂神经系统的进化过渡方面。
The lancelet (amphioxus), a cephalochordate, is the closest invertebrate relative to vertebrates, with a simple vertebrate-like body plan and a prototypical genome. We have determined D-aspartic acid (D-Asp) and major free L-amino acids (L-AAs) content in the nervous system (neural tube) of the European amphioxus Branchiostoma lanceolatum, and have compared these values with those of molluscs and human brain. The B. lanceolatum neural tube contains relatively high amounts of L-Glu, L-Asp, L-Ala and L-Gly. Thus, the amphioxus neural tube has in common with the molluscan and human nervous systems the presence of appreciable amounts of L-Glu and L-Asp, which suggests that they are the most common neurotransmitters among these phylogenetically distant animal groups. The relatively high concentration of L-Ala in amphioxus is consistent with that found in molluscs and the low concentration of taurine is consistent with that described in the human brain.The D-Asp concentration, very high in the molluscan nervous system, was rather low in amphioxus, although a little higher than the extremely low amounts observed in the human brain. Our data on free amino acids composition is in agreement with the intermediate phylogenetic position of cephalochordates, in terms of the evolutionary transition from simple to complex neural systems.