Utilizing milk from pooling facilities as a novel approach for foot-and-mouth disease surveillance
Utilizing milk from pooling facilities as a novel approach for foot-and-mouth disease surveillance
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DOI：
10.1111/tbed.13487
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发表时间：
2020-02-04
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Lyons, Nicholas A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Armson, Bryony;Di Nardo, Antonello;Lyons, Nicholas A.
这项研究调查了混合牛奶作为口蹄疫(FMD)监测的替代样本类型的可能性。每周从肯尼亚纳库鲁县的五个汇集设施收集的汇集牛奶样本的实时RT-PCR(RRT-PCR)结果与半个月的家庭水平口蹄疫发病率报告进行了比较。这些对小农的定期横断面调查有能力发现家庭一级口蹄疫的门槛发病率为2.5%，并收集有关牛奶生产和销售趋势的信息。在219份牛奶样品中检出9份口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)RNA，并使用类型特异性RRT-PCR方法，在这些阳性样品中有3份在研究地区确诊暴发的同时发现了SAT1血清型。在至少一名农民报告口蹄疫的半个月期间，四个牛奶样本呈口蹄疫病毒RNA阳性；也就是说，家庭一级的临床发病率高于2.5%的门槛。此外，当农民没有口蹄疫报告时，一些牛奶样本呈口蹄疫RNA阳性。这些结果表明，当多达26%的农民向汇集设施提供牛奶时，汇集牛奶监测系统可以检测到2.5%的家庭水平的口蹄疫发病率，但甚至可能是在较低的感染水平(即低于2.5%)，或者当传统的疾病报告系统失败时。需要进一步的研究来建立与家庭水平临床发病率估计的更精确的相关性，以充分评估这一方法的可靠性。然而，这项试点研究强调了这种非侵入性的、常规收集的、具有成本效益的监测工具的潜在用途，以解决传统监测方法的一些现有局限性。
This study investigated the potential of pooled milk as an alternative sample type for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) surveillance. Real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) results of pooled milk samples collected weekly from five pooling facilities in Nakuru County, Kenya, were compared with half-month reports of household-level incidence of FMD. These periodic cross-sectional surveys of smallholder farmers were powered to detect a threshold household-level FMD incidence of 2.5% and collected information on trends in milk production and sales. FMD virus (FMDV) RNA was detected in 9/219 milk samples, and using a type-specific rRT-PCR, serotype SAT 1 was identified in 3/9 of these positive samples, concurrent with confirmed outbreaks in the study area. Four milk samples were FMDV RNA-positive during the half-months when at least one farmer reported FMD; that is, the household-level clinical incidence was above a threshold of 2.5%. Additionally, some milk samples were FMDV RNA-positive when there were no reports of FMD by farmers. These results indicate that the pooled milk surveillance system can detect FMD household-level incidence at a 2.5% threshold when up to 26% of farmers contributed milk to pooling facilities, but perhaps even at lower levels of infection (i.e., below 2.5%), or when conventional disease reporting systems fail. Further studies are required to establish a more precise correlation with estimates of household-level clinical incidence, to fully evaluate the reliability of this approach. However, this pilot study highlights the potential use of this non-invasive, routinely collected, cost-effective surveillance tool, to address some of the existing limitations of traditional surveillance methods.