Face scanning in chimpanzees and humans: continuity and discontinuity
Face scanning in chimpanzees and humans: continuity and discontinuity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.11.003
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Tomonaga, Masaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kano, Fumihiro;Tomonaga, Masaki
黑猩猩是如何看待面孔的？黑猩猩是与人类进化关系最密切的物种。这项研究是第一个使用眼动追踪方法在人类和黑猩猩之间进行面部扫描的直接比较。在相同的实验条件下，两个物种的成员观看了代表同种和非同种面孔的同一组照片。黑猩猩和人类表现出系统和相似的面部扫描模式，包括强烈地观察主要面部特征（即眼睛，鼻子和嘴巴）并按顺序检查眼睛和嘴巴。然而，物种之间的一些差异也很明显。例如，与黑猩猩相比，人类更有可能对眼睛区域进行连续的再固定，而黑猩猩更有可能对眼睛和嘴巴进行快速的垂直扫描。这种物种的相似性和差异是一致的同种和非同种面临的，因此独立的外部形态的物种特异性的脸。此外，当呈现面部表情时，黑猩猩会改变他们的扫描模式以响应这些面部动作，而人类则会在整个表情中保持强烈的眼睛观察。最后，我们讨论了这些面部扫描模式是如何与黑猩猩和人类的面部交流的物种特异性形式相关的，并建议这两个物种都有独特的眼球运动策略与同种的相互作用。(C)2009年，动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
How do chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, the species with the closest evolutionary connection to humans, view faces? This study is the first to use the eye-tracking method to perform direct comparisons between humans and chimpanzees with regard to face scanning. Members of both species viewed the same sets of photographs representing conspecific and nonconspecific faces under the same experimental conditions. Chimpanzees and humans showed systematic and similar patterns of face scanning, including intensely viewing main facial features (i.e. eyes, nose and mouth) and inspecting the eyes and mouth, in that order. However, several differences between the species were also evident. For example, humans were more likely to show sequential refixations on the eye regions than were chimpanzees, whereas chimpanzees were more likely to engage in quick, vertical scanning over the eyes and mouth. Such species similarities and differences were consistent across conspecific and nonconspecific faces and were thus independent of the external morphologies of species-specific faces. Furthermore, when presented with facial expressions, chimpanzees changed their scanning patterns in response to those facial actions, whereas humans maintained intense eye viewing across the expressions. Finally, we discuss how these face-scanning patterns are related to species-specific forms of facial communication in chimpanzees and humans, and suggest that both species have unique eye movement strategies for interactions with conspecifics. (C) 2009 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.