Material quantities and embodied carbon dioxide in structures
Material quantities and embodied carbon dioxide in structures
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DOI：
10.1680/ensu.15.00033
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Ochsendorf, John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
De Wolf, Catherine;Yang, Frances;Ochsendorf, John
本文分析了200个建筑物的数据，以确定建筑结构的具体环境影响。近年来，隐含二氧化碳在建筑物全生命周期影响中的比例一直在增加，而创新降低了运营二氧化碳。操作性二氧化碳排放是由于加热、冷却、通风和照明，而隐含的二氧化碳与材料开采、制造、运输、建筑、维护和拆除有关。对后者的研究有限，无法准确评估建筑物整个生命周期的影响。因此，领先的工程师们强调迫切需要一种全球性的、标准的二氧化碳排放评估方法。为此，本文提供了一个统一的方法，通过描述目前的工作，量化材料的重量，并最终计算体现二氧化碳的范围。这种方法是从摇篮到大门，但可以扩展到摇篮到坟墓。该调查包含了从工业界获得的200座最近完工的建筑物的数据。结果表明，结构材料用量在200 ~ 1800 kg/m2之间变化，二氧化碳的释放量在150-600 kg（CO2 e）/m2之间。这些数字是根据项目类型、结构系统、规模、楼层数量和能源与环境设计领导力（Leed）认证进行分析的。在这样做的时候，本文强调了结构工程师在可持续发展中发挥的重要作用。
This paper analyses data from 200 buildings to identify the embodied environmental impact of building structures. In recent years, the percentage of embodied carbon dioxide in the whole life cycle impact of buildings has been increasing while innovations have lowered operational carbon dioxide. Operational carbon dioxide emissions are due to heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting, whereas embodied carbon dioxide is associated with materials extraction, manufacturing, transportation, construction, maintenance and demolition. Limited research on the latter prevents an accurate evaluation of the whole life cycle impact of buildings. Therefore, leading engineers have emphasised the urgent need for a global, standard assessment method for embodied carbon dioxide. To this end, this paper offers a uniform method by describing current work, quantifying material weights and finally calculating embodied carbon dioxide ranges. The approach is cradle-to-gate but can be expanded to cradle-to-grave. The survey contains data on 200 recently completed buildings obtained from industry. The results show that structural material quantities vary between 200 kg/m(2) and 1800 kg/m(2) and embodied carbon dioxide caries on the range 150-600 kg(CO2e)/m(2). These numbers are analysed by programme type, structural system, size, number of floors and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (Leed) certification. In doing so, the paper emphasises the important role that structural engineers play in sustainability.