Models of Cloning, Models for the Zoo: Rethinking the Sociological Significance of Cloned Animals
Models of Cloning, Models for the Zoo: Rethinking the Sociological Significance of Cloned Animals
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DOI：
10.1017/s1745855209990275
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Friese, Carrie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Friese, Carrie
克隆动物通常被理解为“模型”，其具体表现证明了体细胞核移植的可行性及其对物种身体的适用性。在通过技术科学的比喻将模型概念化时，伊夫林·福克斯·凯勒认为，科学模型不仅仅是对其他东西的认知表征，也是行动和实践的体现，这些行动和实践构成了可以提出的各种科学问题，以及如何回答这些问题。借用凯勒的语言，我想说，虽然我们把克隆动物理解为体细胞核移植的“模型”，但很少有经验主义学术探索这些动物是“模型”是什么。这篇文章询问克隆动物体现了什么做法，重点是美国克隆濒危野生动物的努力。基于一项多地点的人种学研究，我证明了这些动物是在动物园进行科学研究的典范，这就带来了关于应该用什么知识实践来繁殖动物园，进而有意义地重建野生动物的问题。基于这一分析，我认为克隆动物不仅是技术和科学实践的典范，也是动物园和自然繁殖的新组合。
Cloned animals are often understood as 'models' whose embodiments demonstrate the viability of somatic cell nuclear transfer and its applicability to a species body. In conceptualizing models through the trope of technoscience, Evelyn Fox Keller has argued that scientific models are not simply cognitive representations of something else, but are also embodiments of action and practice that constitute the kinds of scientific questions that can be asked and how those questions can be answered. Drawing on Keller's language, I would say that, while we understand cloned animals as 'models of' somatic cell nuclear transfer, little empirical scholarship has explored what these animals are 'models for'. This article asks what practices cloned animals embody, focusing on endeavours to clone endangered wildlife in the United States. Based on a multi-sited, ethnographic study, I show that these animals are models for conducting science in zoological parks, which entails questions regarding the kinds of knowledge practices that should be used to reproduce zoos and, in turn, meaningfully reconstitute wildlife. Based on this analysis, I contend that cloned animals not only model technique and scientific practices, but also new assemblages in the reproduction of zoos and, in turn, nature.