BLEEDING ALBINA: A HISTORY OF COMMUNITY DISINVESTMENT, 1940-2000
BLEEDING ALBINA: A HISTORY OF COMMUNITY DISINVESTMENT, 1940-2000
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DOI：
10.1525/tran.2007.15.1.03
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发表时间：
2007-04-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Gibson, Karen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gibson, Karen
俄勒冈州的波特兰在规划文献中被誉为美国最宜居的城市之一，但关于它的小黑人社区的学术研究却很少。这项研究利用人口普查数据、口述历史、档案文件和报纸报道，分析了60年来住宅隔离和社区撤资的情况。由于无法获得资金，住房条件恶化到了遗弃成为一个主要问题的地步。到1980年，许多通常与大城市相关的条件已经出现：高失业率、教育程度低，地下经济演变为强效可卡因、帮派和犯罪。然而，一些社区活动家认为，红线、掠夺性贷款和住房投机是对社区生存的更严重威胁。在20世纪90年代初，低房地产价值、重新获得资本的机会以及社区再投资的结合导致了士绅化、流离失所和种族转型。波特兰是影响全国黑人社区的城市房地产现象的典范。
Portland, Oregon, is celebrated in the planning literature as one of the nation's most livable cities, yet there is very little scholarship on its small Black community. Using census data, oral histories, archival documents, and newspaper accounts, this study analyzes residential segregation and neighborhood disinvestment over a 60-year period. Without access to capital, housing conditions worsened to the point that abandonment became a major problem. By 1980, many of the conditions typically associated with large cities were present: high unemployment, poor schooling, and an underground economy that evolved into crack cocaine, gangs, and crime. Yet some neighborhood activists argued that the redlining, predatory lending, and housing speculation were worse threats to community viability. In the early 1990s, the combination of low property values, renewed access to capital, and neighborhood reinvestment resulted in gentrification, displacement, and racial transition. Portland is an exemplar of an urban real estate phenomenon impacting Black communities across the nation.