Upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders of occupational origin.
Upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders of occupational origin.
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职业性上肢肌肉骨骼疾病。
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.pu.12.050191.002551
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发表时间：
1991
影响因子：
20.8
通讯作者：
Landrigan,PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gerr,F;Letz,R;Landrigan,PJ
目前已有足够的证据表明，几种明确的上肢软组织疾病在病因学上与职业因素有关。这些疾病包括手部和手腕的肌腱炎、CTS和手臂振动综合征。力量、重复和振动已被确定为这些疾病病因学中的风险因素。有证据表明，其他不太清楚的因素也可能导致病因。目前还没有关于最大无作用接触水平的明确准则。然而，我们同意阿姆斯特朗（3）的观点：“虽然没有过度重复或强制性工作的标准，但常识表明，这些任务应尽可能减少。“在许多情况下，为了实现这些目标，可能需要重新设计工具和工作。除了适当减少危险因素外，还需要进行医疗监测，以便更好地了解这一日益严重的问题的严重程度，并不断评估预防性干预措施的效力。
Sufficient evidence is available at this time to conclude that several well-defined soft-tissue disorders of the upper extremities are etiologically related to occupational factors. These disorders include tendinitis of the hand and wrist, CTS, and hand-arm vibration syndrome. Force, repetition, and vibration have been established as risk factors in the etiology of these disorders. Evidence exists that other, poorly understood factors also may contribute to etiology. At this time no firm guidelines can be established regarding maximum no-effect exposure levels. We agree, however, with Armstrong (3):" Although there are no standards for excessively repetitive or forceful work, common sense dictates that these tasks be minimized to the extent possible." Tool and job redesign may be required in many situations to accomplish these goals. In addition to appropriate reductions in risk factors, medical surveillance is required and will allow greater appreciation of the extent of this growing problem, as well as ongoing assessment of the efficacy of preventive intervention.