Factors of bone resorption of the residual ridge
Factors of bone resorption of the residual ridge
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残牙槽骨吸收的影响因素
DOI：
10.1016/0022-3913(62)90124-5
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发表时间：
1962
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. R. Ortman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. R. Ortman
1.1.骨吸收是一个正常的过程。它与骨的平衡可能是生理性的，也可能是病理性的，取决于多种因素。快速(病理性)吸收的治疗是困难的，因为多个因素是相互关联的，而且不可能通过临床或X线片来评估每个因素所起的确切作用。正常的骨骼图像要求所有已知的体液和元素，无论是内在的还是外在的，都处于适当的和谐和成分中。当残留的脊骨丢失迅速且异常时，也有全身骨质疏松症的证据。这使得义齿基托不再是导致非正常吸收的唯一原因。无论是否戴义齿，无牙口腔都会发生废用性萎缩。义齿基托对剩余牙槽骨施加的压力违背了骨骼接受压力的自然方式，因为它是通过血管组织传递的。如果压力没有改变血液供应，导致骨骼尴尬或粘骨膜发炎，从而通过产生毛细血管压力而成为吸收的原因，则义齿基托可以刺激减少吸收。压力，无论其原因如何，总是会产生一种惊慌的反应，从而增加骨吸收的速度。内分泌腺功能障碍会对骨替代率、有机基质和骨吸收速率造成隐蔽但严重的影响。激素或多激素给药为控制吸收提供了极大的可能性。许多人缺乏骨骼正常新陈代谢所需的营养需求。维生素、矿物质和蛋白质的需求如果在饮食中适当地定位，就会产生潜在的有益影响。全维生素计划具有预防价值。必须保证足够的矿物质摄入量，才能得到正常的骨骼照片。蛋白质是其对骨骼影响的最重要的营养因素。无牙的情况需要高蛋白低碳水化合物饮食的保护。影响青壮年骨吸收的因素主要是创伤性和炎症性的，压力、紧张、应激和营养起主导作用。通过合理的修复程序和适当的饮食措施，可以有效地控制这一年龄段的吸收。随着无牙颌患者年龄的增长，蛋白质代谢降低、对压力的抵抗力降低、消化衰竭和内分泌并发症等老年问题出现在画面中，管理变得更加复杂。
1.1. Resorption of bone is a normal process. Its balance to bone apposition may be either physiologic or pathologic and is dependent upon multiple factors.2.2. Treatment of rapid (pathologic) resorption is difficult because the multiple factors are interrelated and it is impossible to evaluate clinically or roentgenographically the precise part played by each.3.3. A normal bone picture requires that all known body fluids and elements, both intrinsic and extrinsic, are in proper harmony and composition.4.4. When bone loss is rapid and abnormal in the residual ridges, evidence of general skeletal osteoporosis is also present. This acquits the denture base from being the sole cause in abnormal resorption.5.5. Disuse atrophy occurs in the edentulous mouth whether or not a denture is worn.6.6. Pressure of a denture base on the bone of the residual ridge is a violation to the natural way that bone receives pressure because it is transmitted through vascular tissue. If the pressure does not alter the blood supply to the embarrassment of the bone or cause inflammation of the mucoperiosteum so that it becomes a causative factor of resorption by creating capillary pressure, the denture base could provide stimuli for reduced resorption.7.7. Stress, regardless of its cause, always produces an alarm reaction which increases the rate of bone resorption.8.8. Dysfunction of the endocrine glands causes an obscure but drastic effect on the rate of bone replacement, the organic matrix, and the rate of bone resorption. Hormonal or plurihormonal administration offers great possibility for control of resorption.9.9. Many people are deficient in nutritional requirements necessary for the normal metabolism of bone. Vitamins, minerals, and proteins demands have potential beneficial effects when properly oriented in the diet. A panvitamin program has prophylactic value. Adequate mineral intake must be assured for a normal bone picture. Protein is the most important nutritional factor in its effect on bone. An edentulous condition necessitates the protection of a high protein-low carbohydrate diet.10.10. The factors influencing bone resorption in young adults are primarily those of traumatic and inflammatory nature, with pressure, tension, stress, and nutrition playing the dominant part. Control of resorption for this age group can be managed effectively by sound prosthetic procedures and adequate dietary measures.11.11. As the edentulous patient ages, the geriatric problems of lower protein metabolism, lower resistance to stress, alimentary failure, and endocrine complications come into the picture and management becomes more complex.