Spatiotemporal Variability of Microplastics in the Eastern Baltic Sea
Spatiotemporal Variability of Microplastics in the Eastern Baltic Sea
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2022.875984
复制
发表时间：
2022-05-23
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lips, Urmas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mishra, Arun;Buhhalko, Natalja;Lips, Urmas
微塑料（MP）污染存在于所有水生环境中，并日益引起人们的严重关注。 2016-2020年，我们利用蝠鲼拖网在波罗的海东部的16个采样站进行了海面MP监测。浓度范围为 0.01 至 2.45 个计数/m(3)（0.002-0.43 个计数/m(2)），平均值为 0.49 个计数/m(3)（0.08 个计数/m(2)）。平均而言，纤维和碎片在样品中所占的份额大致相等。纤维和碎片浓度之间的相关性在陆地附近较高，而在离岸较远的地方较弱。揭示了以下空间模式：在波罗的海本土（0.65 计数/米（3））（0.11 计数/米（2））和芬兰湾（0.46-0.65）（0.08-0.11）检测到较高的平均值，在里加湾（0.33）（0.06）和瓦纳梅里群岛海（0.11）（0.02）检测到较低的平均值。后三个子流域和里加湾经向梯度之间的差异很可能是由流域内的人类压力程度来解释的。所有地区和站点的秋季 MP 浓度均高于夏季，这可能是由于生物污垢的季节性以及随之而来的颗粒下沉速率所致。仅在芬兰湾中部，风速与MP浓度呈弱负相关，在河口附近浅水区呈正相关。我们观察到沿海下降流/上升流期间 MP 浓度存在 60 倍的差异。由（亚）中尺度过程驱动的发散/收敛应该成为未来研究的主题之一，以增强对波罗的海 MP 路径的了解。
Microplastic (MP) pollution is present in all aquatic environments and is gaining critical concern. We have conducted sea surface MP monitoring with a Manta trawl at 16 sampling stations in the eastern Baltic Sea in 2016-2020. The concentrations varied from 0.01 to 2.45 counts/m(3) (0.002-0.43 counts/m(2)), and the mean was 0.49 counts/m(3) (0.08 counts/m(2)). The fibers and fragments had, on average, an approximately equal share in the samples. Correlation between the concentration of fibers and fragments was higher near the land and weaker further offshore. The following spatial patterns were revealed: higher mean values were detected in the Baltic Proper (0.65 counts/m(3)) (0.11 counts/m(2)) and the Gulf of Finland (0.46-0.65) (0.08-0.11) and lower values were detected in the Gulf of Riga (0.33) (0.06) and Vainameri Archipelago Sea (0.11) (0.02). The difference between the latter three sub-basins and the meridional gradient in the Gulf of Riga can likely be explained by the degree of human pressure in the catchment areas. The MP concentration was higher in autumn than in summer in all regions and stations, probably due to the seasonality of the biofouling and consequent sinking rate of particles. A weak negative correlation between the wind speed and the MP concentration was detected only in the central Gulf of Finland, and positive correlation in the shallow area near river mouth. We observed a 60-fold difference in MP concentrations during coastal downwelling/upwelling. Divergence/convergence driven by the (sub)mesoscale processes should be one of the subjects in future studies to enhance the knowledge on the MP pathways in the Baltic Sea.