Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies Modeling the Effects of Unilateral and Uniform Emission Regulations under Shipping Company and Port Competition Title: Modeling the Effects of Unilateral and Uniform Emission Regulations under Shipping Company
Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies Modeling the Effects of Unilateral and Uniform Emission Regulations under Shipping Company and Port Competition Title: Modeling the Effects of Unilateral and Uniform Emission Regulations under Shipping Company
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通讯作者：
Dian Sheng;Zhi-Chun Li;Xiaowen Fu;D. Gillen;Li Sheng
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作者：
Dian Sheng;Zhi-Chun Li;Xiaowen Fu;D. Gillen;Li Sheng
这项研究开发了一个综合模型，以调查单边海洋排放管制与统一海洋排放管制的经济和环境影响。该模型明确考虑了区域港口之间和航运公司之间竞争的影响，并考虑了运输过程中货物的库存成本，以及船队规模扩大和航运速度缓慢之间的权衡。航运公司和港口的行为被建模为一个两阶段博弈，从而可以求解和比较不同管制下的市场均衡。研究结果表明，单边监管实际上可能会导致总排放量的增加，而统一的监管总是会减少总排放量。在任何一种监管下，都可能对航运公司和港口产生不对称的影响。因此，监管机构和航运业需要在减排和公平竞争之间取得平衡。我们的研究告诫不要单方面监管，并强调考虑到替代排放政策对航运公司和港口运营的影响的重要性。感谢三位匿名推荐人对论文初稿提出了有益的意见和建设性的建议。
This study develops an integrated model to investigate the economic and environmental effects of a unilateral maritime emission regulation vis-à-vis a uniform maritime emission regulation. The proposed model explicitly incorporates the effects of competition between regional ports and between shipping companies, and captures operational considerations such as the inventory costs of in-transit cargo, and the tradeoff between enlarged fleet size and slow steaming. The behaviors of shipping companies and ports are modeled in a two-stage game so that market equilibria under alternative regulations can be solved and compared. The findings suggest that a unilateral regulation may actually lead to an increase in total emissions, whereas a uniform regulation always reduces total emissions. Under either type of regulation, there can be asymmetric effects on shipping companies and ports. Therefore, regulators and the maritime industry need to strike a balance between emission reduction and fair competition. Our study cautions against unilateral regulations, and emphasizes the importance to take into account the effects of alternative emission policies on the operations of shipping companies and ports. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors would like to thank three anonymous referees for their helpful comments and constructive suggestions on an earlier draft of the paper.