HISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON RODS AND CONES IN RETINAS OF VERTEBRATES
HISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON RODS AND CONES IN RETINAS OF VERTEBRATES
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脊椎动物视网膜视杆细胞和视锥细胞的组织化学观察
DOI：
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发表时间：
1954
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
G. B. Wislocki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Sidman;G. B. Wislocki
用组织化学方法研究了蛙、Amphiuma、海龟、小鸡、小猫和猴子等动物的视网膜中含有不同比例的视杆细胞和视锥细胞。在所有视觉细胞中，核糖核酸只存在于肌样细胞中。这些结构有时也含有糖原。抛物面，无论何时出现，都只含有糖原。椭球体由线粒体染色和苏丹黑B染色，富含一种温和的嗜酸蛋白。杆状体和锥状体的外段含有一种亲酸蛋白和脂质，其特征是亲苏丹性、Ashbel-Seligman羰基反应和自身荧光。杆状体的外段也含有复杂的碳水化合物，并与蛋白质结合的巯基发生强烈反应。碳水化合物和亲苏丹的脂质在视力出现之前就存在于未成熟的感光细胞的外节，被认为是结构成分；另一方面，巯基反应只发生在成熟视杆细胞的外节，可能代表视蛋白。视黄素，视觉色素的类胡萝卜素成分，是一种脂肪醛，我们还没有组织化学鉴定。在感光细胞的外节和色素上皮细胞突起之间出现不稳定的、微弱的异色。色素上皮的基底细胞质含有嗜酸蛋白、巯基、核糖核酸、亲苏丹性脂质、羰基染色和自身荧光，以及乙酰胆碱酯酶和脂肪酶的染色。视细胞的椭球体、外节段和色素上皮的基底细胞质表现出相似的组织化学反应，而肌样染色则完全不同。描述了某些物种视杆细胞和视锥细胞组织化学性质的差异。
Retinas containing varied proportions of rods and cones, including those of frog, Amphiuma, turtle, chick, kitten and monkey, have been studied by histochemical means. In all visual cells ribonucleic acid occurs exclusively in the myoids. These structures also sometimes contain glycogen. The paraboloids, whenever present, contain glycogen and nothing else. The ellipsoids are colored by mitochondrial stains and by sudan black B, and are rich in a mildly acidophilic protein. The outer segments of the rods and cones contain an acidophilic protein and lipids which are characterized by sudanophilia, the Ashbel-Seligman carbonyl reaction, and autofluorescence. The outer segments of the rods also contain a complex carbohydrate and react strongly for protein-bound sulfhydryl groups. The carbohydrate and the sudanophilic lipid are present in the outer segments of immature photoreceptor cells before the onset of vision and are considered to be structural components; the sulfhydryl reaction, on the other hand, occurs only in outer segments of mature rods and may represent opsin. Retinene, the carotenoid component of the visual pigments, is a fatty aldehyde which we have not identified histochemically. Inconstant, faint metachromasia appears between the outer segments of the photoreceptor cells and the processes of the pigmented epithelial cells. The basal cytoplasm of the pigmented epithelium contains acidophilic protein, sulfhydryl groups, ribonucleic acid, lipids demonstrable by their sudanophilia, carbonyl staining, and autofluorescence, and stains for the enzymes acetylcholinesterase and lipase. The ellipsoids and outer segments of the visual cells, and the basal cytoplasm of the pigmented epithelium show similar histochemical reactions, whereas the myoids stain quite differently. Differences in histochemical properties of rods and cones in certain species are described.