The practice of Female genital mutilation and the limits of criminalization under Ethiopian laws
The practice of Female genital mutilation and the limits of criminalization under Ethiopian laws
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切割女性生殖器官的做法以及埃塞俄比亚法律规定的刑事定罪的限度
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Girma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Girma
女性生殖器切割是30多个非洲和中东国家的一种文化习俗。它被称为对妇女和女孩的有害传统习俗和犯罪之一。女性外阴残割在埃塞俄比亚非常普遍。为了解决这一问题，政府根据2004年《刑法》将这种做法定为刑事犯罪。然而，该法律没有使用表明切割女性生殖器官或残割等做法严重性的词语，而是使用了“割礼”，这是一个不太谴责的词。此外，法律还没有将女性外阴残割的整个规模定为刑事犯罪。这些缺陷削弱了法律将这种做法定为刑事犯罪和遏制这种做法的效力。因此，这种做法至今有增无减，并继续在该国不同地区以不同的规模和理由实行。通过审查和分析相关的国际人权文书和文献，本研究报告确定了埃塞俄比亚将女性外阴残割定为刑事犯罪的限度。
The practice of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a cultural practice that is carried out by more than 30 African and Middle East Countries. It is labeled as one of the harmful traditional practices and crimes against women and girls. FGM is highly prevalent in Ethiopia. In order to address the problem, the government has criminalized the practice under the 2004 Criminal Code. Instead of using words that indicate the gravity of the practice such as female genital cutting or mutilation, the law, however, has used ‘circumcision’ which is a less condemning word. Besides, the law has not criminalized the full scale of FGM. These shortcomings have undermined the effectiveness of the law to criminalize and deter the practice. Consequently, the practice is unabated to date and continued to be practiced in different parts of the country with different magnitude and justifications. Through reviewing and analyzing the pertinent international human rights instruments and literature, this study has identified the limits of criminalization of FGM in Ethiopia.