Exploitation, Extortion and Oppression
Exploitation, Extortion and Oppression
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剥削、勒索和压迫
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9248.1987.tb01882.x
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发表时间：
1987
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
A. Carling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Carling
剥削、勒索和压迫描述了应该改变的不公正的社会安排。剥削的概念与马克思对资本主义的批判特别相关，“敲诈”一词有时指的是封建制度的不公正。这些概念之间的区别可以用理性选择理论的框架来澄清。压迫是一种不公平的排斥（资源或公用事业）的情况。剥削是指一个人不公平地使用另一个人被排除在外的情况。敲诈勒索包括故意制造一种剥削的局面。这些现象与强制的关系只有在敲诈勒索的情况下才是合乎逻辑的：强制是敲诈勒索所必需的。
Exploitation, extortion and oppression describe unjust social arrangements that ought to be changed. The concept of exploitation is particularly associated with Marx's critique of capitalism, and the term ‘extortion’ sometimes designates the injustice of feudalism. The distinctions between these concepts can be clarified using the framework of rational-choice theory. Oppression is a situation of unfair exclusion (from resources, or utilities more generally). Exploitation is the unfair use by one person of the excluded situation of another. Extortion involves the deliberate creation of an exploiting situation. The relation of these phenomena to coercion is a logical one only in the case of extortion: coercion being necessary to extortion.