The Role of Co‐Occurrence Statistics in Developing Semantic Knowledge
The Role of Co‐Occurrence Statistics in Developing Semantic Knowledge
复制标题
同现统计在语义知识发展中的作用
DOI：
10.1111/cogs.12894
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Fisher, Anna V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Unger, Layla;Vales, Catarina;Fisher, Anna V.
我们关于世界的知识被组织成一个相互联系的概念网络，这些概念通过关系联系在一起，深刻地影响着认知的许多方面，包括注意力、记忆提取、推理和学习。因此，理解如何获得有组织的语义表示是至关重要的。本实验考察了儿童时期可观察到的环境统计规律对语义组织的贡献。具体地说，我们调查了以下情况：(A)实体或其标签与其他实体或标签一起出现的可靠性更高的共现规则是否有助于独立地建立概念之间的关系，以及(B)是否有助于属于同一分类类别的概念之间的关系。使用儿童指导的语音语料库来估计熟悉物品的标签之间的可靠共现，我们构建了由目标、相关分心物体和不相关分心物体组成的三元组，其中目标和相关分心物体一致地同时出现(例如，袜子脚)，属于同一分类类别(例如，袜子外套)，或两者都出现(例如，袜子鞋)。我们使用了一种隐含的眼睛凝视测量概念之间的关系，这是基于儿童(N=0.72，4-7岁)在被要求寻找目标时看相关干扰与不相关干扰的程度。结果表明，共现既独立地促进了概念间的关系，又促进了属于同一分类范畴的概念之间的关系。这些发现表明，对不同实体在儿童环境中共同出现的规律性的敏感性，塑造了发展过程中语义知识的组织。对语义组织的理论解释和实证研究的意义进行了讨论。
The organization of our knowledge about the world into an interconnected network of concepts linked by relations profoundly impacts many facets of cognition, including attention, memory retrieval, reasoning, and learning. It is therefore crucial to understand how organized semantic representations are acquired. The present experiment investigated the contributions of readily observable environmental statistical regularities to semantic organization in childhood. Specifically, we investigated whether co‐occurrence regularities with which entities or their labels more reliably occur together than with others (a) contribute to relations between concepts independently and (b) contribute to relations between concepts belonging to the same taxonomic category. Using child‐directed speech corpora to estimate reliable co‐occurrences between labels for familiar items, we constructed triads consisting of a target, a related distractor, and an unrelated distractor in which targets and related distractors consistently co‐occurred (e.g., sock‐foot), belonged to the same taxonomic category (e.g., sock‐coat), or both (e.g., sock‐shoe). We used an implicit, eye‐gaze measure of relations between concepts based on the degree to which children (N= 72, age 4–7 years) looked at related versus unrelated distractors when asked to look for a target. The results indicated that co‐occurrence both independently contributes to relations between concepts and contributes to relations between concepts belonging to the same taxonomic category. These findings suggest that sensitivity to the regularity with which different entities co‐occur in children's environments shapes the organization of semantic knowledge during development. Implications for theoretical accounts and empirical investigations of semantic organization are discussed.