The Real Graphene Oxide Revealed: Stripping the Oxidative Debris from the Graphene-like Sheets
The Real Graphene Oxide Revealed: Stripping the Oxidative Debris from the Graphene-like Sheets
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DOI：
10.1002/anie.201007520
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Wilson, Neil R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rourke, Jonathan P.;Pandey, Priyanka A.;Wilson, Neil R.
氧化石墨烯（GO）提供了获得大量石墨烯的潜在途径，批量制造便宜，并且易于加工。[1]它也是进一步功能化的起点，以创建化学改性的石墨烯（CMG），例如用于复合材料，[2]用于光捕获，[3]或作为传感器。[4]GO来源于氧化石墨的剥离，尽管经过了一百多年的研究，但其结构仍然存在争议。[1b了解GO的化学和物理结构是其可控功能化为CMG和完全还原回石墨烯的必要步骤。根据起始材料和氧化条件，GO的组成可能会有很大变化，但广泛的研究已经产生了许多可接受的性质。[1b]完全氧化的GO形成稳定的水性悬浮液，并且具有大约2：1的原子C/O比。主要的表面官能团是环氧化物和醇，边缘上有羧酸和其他酮基。GO是热不稳定的;在空气中或在真空下将其加热到超过约808 ℃会改变组成并增加C/O比。最近的高分辨率STM [6]和TEM [7]研究得出结论，功能化程度是高度不均匀的，在无序/无定形区域中可观察到纳米级的主要石墨岛。
Graphene oxide (GO) provides a potential route to large quantities of graphene, is cheap to make in bulk quantities, and easy to process.[1] It is also a starting point for further functionalization to create chemically modified graphenes (CMGs), for example, for use in composite materials,[2] for light harvesting,[3] or as sensors.[4] GO is derived from the exfoliation of graphite oxide, the structure of which, despite over one hundred years of investigation, is still subject to debate.[1b, 5] Understanding the chemical and physical structure of GO is a necessary step towards its controllable functionalization for CMGs and complete reduction back to graphene.Depending on the starting material and oxidative conditions, the composition of GO can vary significantly, but extensive study has resulted in a number of accepted properties.[1b] Fully oxidized GO forms stable aqueous suspensions and has an atomic C/O ratio of roughly 2: 1. The dominant surface functional groups are epoxides and alcohols, with carboxylic acids and other keto groups on the edges. GO is thermally unstable; heating it to more than around 808C in air or under vacuum changes the composition and increases the C/O ratio. Recent high-resolution STM [6] and TEM [7] studies have concluded that the degree of functionalization is highly heterogeneous with nanometer-scale, predominantly graphitic islands observable amongst disordered/amorphous regions.