SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY AND ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY - APPLICATION TO BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY AND ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY - APPLICATION TO BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
复制标题
DOI：
10.1126/science.3051380
复制
发表时间：
1988-10-14
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
BRACKER, CE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HANSMA, PK;ELINGS, VB;BRACKER, CE
扫描隧道显微镜（STM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）是扫描探针显微镜，能够解析表面细节到原子水平。这些显微镜揭示结构的微妙细节的潜力是由原子分辨率图像，包括石墨，有机导体，绝缘层状化合物，和半导体上的单个吸附氧原子说明。由于大多数生物样品的电子导电性差，STM直接用于生物材料成像的应用受到了阻碍。薄的导电金属涂层和复制品的使用使得有可能对一些生物样品进行成像，如最近获得的recA-DNA复合物、磷脂双层和酶晶体的图像所示。不需要导电样品的AFM的潜力，显示与分子分辨率图像的非导电有机单层和氨基酸晶体，揭示个别甲基基团的氨基酸的末端。这些新的显微镜技术的应用证明与光盘压模，衍射光栅，薄膜磁记录头，和金刚石刀具的图像。STM甚至被用来提高衍射光栅和磁记录头的质量。
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and the atomic force microscope (AFM) are scanning probe microscopes capable of resolving surface detail down to the atomic level. The potential of these microscopes for revealing subtle details of structure is illustrated by atomic resolution images including graphite, an organic conductor, an insulating layered compound, and individual adsorbed oxygen atoms on a semiconductor. Application of the STM for imaging biological materials directly has been hampered by the poor electron conductivity of most biological samples. The use of thin conductive metal coatings and replicas has made it possible to image some biological samples, as indicated by recently obtained images of a recA-DNA complex, a phospholipid bilayer, and an enzyme crystal. The potential of the AFM, which does not require a conductive sample, is shown with molecular resolution images of a nonconducting organic monolayer and an amino acid crystal that reveals individual methyl groups on the ends of the amino acids. Applications of these new microscopes to technology are demonstrated with images of an optical disk stamper, a diffraction grating, a thin-film magnetic recording head, and a diamond cutting tool. The STM has even been used to improve the quality of diffraction gratings and magnetic recording heads.