What's in a name? Some reflections on the sociology of anonymity
What's in a name? Some reflections on the sociology of anonymity
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DOI：
10.1080/019722499128565
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发表时间：
1999-04-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Marx, GT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marx, GT
套用马克·吐温的话来说，关于匿名制近期已消亡或即将占据主导地位的报道都被极大地夸大了。本文是一项初步的尝试，旨在阐述一些为更好地理解当代生活中的匿名性和可识别性所需的概念框架。我提出了七种身份知识类型，包括法定姓名、位置、通过中介与这些相关联以及不相关联的符号、独特的外貌和行为模式、社会分类，以及通过知识或人工制品进行的认证。我确定了匿名性（自由交流、保护、试验）和可识别性（例如，责任、互惠、资格）的一些主要原理和背景，并提出了命名本质中的真实性原则，即那些在网络个人交流中使用化名的人有义务表明他们正在这样做。我还提出了13个程序性问题，以指导任何有关匿名性的互联网政策的制定和评估。
To paraphrase Mark Twain, reports of either the recent death or coming dominance of anonymity have been greatly exaggerated. This article is a beginning effort to lay out some of the conceptual landscape needed to better understand anonymity and identifiability in contemporary life. I suggest seven types of identity knowledge, involving legal name, location, symbols linked and not linked back to these through intermediaries, distinctive appearance and behavior patterns, social categorization, and certification via knowledge or artifacts. I identify a number of major rationales and contexts for anonymity (free how of communication, protection, experimentation) and identifiability (e.g., accountability, reciprocity, eligibility) and suggest a principle of truth in the nature of naming, which holds that those who use pseudonyms on the Internet in personal communications have an obligation to indicate they are doing so. I also suggest 13 procedural questions to guide the development and assessment of any internet policy regarding anonymity.