Particle Creation by Black Holes
Particle Creation by Black Holes
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DOI：
10.1142/9789812384935_0005
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发表时间：
1993-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Hawking
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Hawking
。在经典理论中，黑洞只能吸收而不能发射粒子。然而，量子力学效应使黑洞产生和发射粒子，就像它们是有温度的热体一样；^106--°K，其中K是黑色2πk\M黑洞的表面引力。这种热发射导致黑洞质量的缓慢减少并最终消失：任何质量小于约1015g的原始黑洞现在都已经蒸发了。虽然这些量子效应违反了黑洞视界面积不能减小的经典定律，但仍然存在一个推广的第二定律：S+^A永远不会减小，其中S是黑洞外物质的熵，A是视界表面积之和。这表明，引力坍缩将塌陷体中的重子和轻子转化为熵。人们很容易推测，这可能是宇宙中每个重子包含如此多的熵的原因。
. In the classical theory black holes can only absorb and not emit particles. However it is shown that quantum mechanical effects cause black holes to create and emit particles as if they were hot bodies with temperature ;^10~ 6 —— °K where K is the surface gravity of the black 2πk \ M , hole. This thermal emission leads to a slow decrease in the mass of the black hole and to its eventual disappearance: any primordial black hole of mass less than about 10 15 g would have evaporated by now. Although these quantum effects violate the classical law that the area of the event horizon of a black hole cannot decrease, there remains a Generalized Second Law: S+^A never decreases where S is the entropy of matter outside black holes and A is the sum of the surface areas of the event horizons. This shows that gravitational collapse converts the baryons and leptons in the collapsing body into entropy. It is tempting to speculate that this might be the reason why the Universe contains so much entropy per baryon.