Influence of lime and gypsum application on soil properties and yield of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) in a degraded Ultisol in Agbani, Enugu Southeastern Nigeria
Influence of lime and gypsum application on soil properties and yield of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) in a degraded Ultisol in Agbani, Enugu Southeastern Nigeria
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DOI：
10.1016/j.still.2015.10.011
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Ibudialo, A. N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anikwe, M. A. N.;Eze, J. C.;Ibudialo, A. N.
在2013 - 2014年雨季，在尼日利亚东南部埃努古阿格巴尼（北纬6度29分，东经7度54分），研究石灰和石膏对退化典型古土壤理化性质的影响。试验采用随机完全区组设计（RCBD），石灰和石膏分别处理5000 kg ha（-1）石灰、2500 kg ha（-1）石膏、5000 kg ha（-1）石灰+ 2500 kg ha（-1）石膏，对照不处理石灰和石膏，以木薯（TMS 0304）作为试验作物重复5次。在两个种植季节，施用5000 kg ha（-1）石灰（5.7和5.4）的地块土壤pH值相对于对照提高了16%至17%。施用2500千克/公顷石膏的土壤pH值低于施用5000千克/公顷石灰的土壤。然而，在两个季节，与对照相比，石灰5000公斤公顷（-1）和石膏2500公斤公顷（-1）的组合施用使土壤pH值提高了19-20%。在两个季节，与对照相比，石灰5000公斤公顷（-1）和石膏2500公斤公顷（-1）的组合施用使土壤交换性Ca2+增加了57%。施用5000 kg ha（-1）石灰+ 2500 kg ha（-1）石膏时，土壤碱基饱和度从72.8%显著提高到93.0%。结果表明，在两个种植季节，施用90 DAP时，施用5000 kg ha（-1）石灰（1.58和1.62 Mg m(-3)）的地块土壤干容重在两个种植季节均较对照降低了5% ~ 7%。在两个季节中，与对照相比，石灰5000公斤公顷（-1）和石膏2500公斤公顷（-1）的组合土壤施用使土壤干体积密度降低了约17%。石灰和石膏混合处理的土壤孔隙度最高，分别为5000 kg ha（-1）和2500 kg ha（-1）。结果还表明，土壤水分透过率从对照的31.85 cm(3) h（-1）提高到2500 kg ha（-1）石膏处理的37.60 cm(3) h(-1), 5000 kg ha（-1）石灰处理的35.7 cm(3) h(-1)，再到5000 kg ha（-1）石灰+ 2500 kg ha（-1）石膏处理的41.40 cm(3) h（-1）。在DAP 90时，施石灰5000 kg ha(-1) +石膏2500 kg ha（-1）处理的地块木薯平均株高最高（86-92 cm）。其次是处理2500 Kg ha（-1）石膏（59-62 cm）和处理5000 Kg ha（-1）石灰（61-66 cm）的地块，而未处理（对照地块）的株高为61-64 cm。石灰用量为5000 kg ha(-1) +石膏用量为2500 kg ha（-1）的地块，平均鲜块茎产量最高，为9.5 Mg ha（-1）。其次，用2500公斤石膏处理的地块平均新鲜块茎产量为7.2毫克公顷（-1），用5000公斤石灰处理的地块平均新鲜块茎产量为6.8毫克公顷（-1），而未经处理的地块的块茎产量最低，为6.1毫克公顷（-1）。不同处理对研究土壤理化性质的显著影响可能是由于钙离子通过石灰和石膏对土壤颗粒的絮凝作用，从而创造了有利的土壤物理条件，有利于木薯更好的养分吸收、适当的入渗和通气、提高磷有效性和适宜的pH值。(C) 2015 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
The experiment was carried out to examine the influence of lime and gypsum on soil physicochemical properties in a degraded Typic paleusult during 2013 and 2014 rainy season in Agbani, Enugu Southeastern Nigeria (6 degrees 29'N and 7 degrees 54'E). A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) using lime and gypsum as treatments at the rate of 5000 kg ha(-1) lime, 2500 kg ha(-1) gypsum, 5000 kg ha(-1) lime + 2500 kg ha(-1) gypsum and a control without lime and gypsum treatments, replicated five (5) times using cassava (TMS 0304) as test crop was used for the experiment. Soil pH in plots amended with 5000 kg ha(-1) lime (5.7 and 5.4) increased relative to the control by between 16 and 17% for both planting seasons. Soils amended with 2500 kg ha(-1) of gypsum had lower pH relative to plots amended with 5000 kg ha(-1) lime. However, Soil application of a combination of 5000 kg ha(-1) of lime and 2500 kg ha(-1) of gypsum increased soil pH by 19-20% when compared to the control for both seasons. Soil application of a combination of 5000 kg ha(-1) of lime and 2500 kg ha(-1) of gypsum increased soil exchangeable Ca2+ by 57% when compared to the control for both seasons. Soil percent base saturation was significantly improved from 72.8% to 93.0% relative to control when 5000 kg ha(-1) lime + 2500 kg ha(-1) gypsum was applied to the soil. Results showed that at 90 DAP in both seasons, soil dry bulk density in plots amended with 5000 kg ha(-1) lime (1.58 and 1.62 Mg m(-3)) decreased relative to the control by between 5 and 7% for both planting seasons. Soil application of a combination of 5000 kg ha(-1) of lime and 2500 kg ha(-1) of gypsum reduced soil dry bulk density by about 17% when compared to the control for both seasons. The highest soil total porosity (46.4%) was found in plots with a combination of lime and gypsum at 5000 kg ha(-1) and 2500 kg ha(-1) respectively. The result also showed that soil water transmissivity improved from about 31.85 cm(3) h(-1) in the control plots to 37.60 cm(3) h(-1) in plots treated with 2500 kg ha(-1) gypsum and up to 35.7 cm(3) h(-1) in treated with 5000 kg ha(-1) lime then to 41.40 cm(3) h(-1) in plots treated with 5000 kg ha(-1) lime + 2500 kg ha(-1) gypsum. At 90 DAP the highest mean plant height of cassava (86-92 cm) was found in plots treated with 5000 kg ha(-1) lime + 2500 kg ha(-1) gypsum. This was followed by plots treated 2500 Kg ha(-1) gypsum (59-62 cm) and those treated with 5000 kg ha(-1) lime (61-66 cm) whereas the untreated (control plots) had a plant height of 61-64 cm. Plots treated with 5000 kg ha(-1) lime + 2500 kg ha(-1) gypsum had the highest mean fresh tuber yield of 9.5 Mg ha(-1). This was followed by plots treated with 2500 kg ha(-1) gypsum which gave a mean fresh tuber yield of 7.2 Mg ha(-1), plots treated with 5000 kg ha(-1) lime followed with 6.8 Mg ha(-1) while the lowest tuber yield was found in untreated plots which had 6.1 Mg ha(-1).The significant treatment differences on soil physical and chemical properties of the study soil due to effect of the treatments could be attributed to the ability of Ca2+ applied via lime and gypsum to flocculate soil particles thereby creating an enabling soil physical condition for better nutrient uptake, proper infiltration and aeration, increased P availability and optimum pH for proper growth of cassava. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.