Perspectives on Cultivation Strategies of Archaea
Perspectives on Cultivation Strategies of Archaea
复制标题
古细菌培养策略展望
DOI：
10.1007/s00248-019-01422-7
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Li Meng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sun Yihua;Liu Yang;Pan Jie;Wang Fengping;Li Meng
自20世纪70年代以来，古生菌一直被认为是生命的一个主要领域，并在生命之树上占据着关键地位。最近在与文化无关的方法方面的进展极大地加快了对古生代的研究。然而，许多关于古生菌的多样性、生理学和进化的假设正在等待培养基础实验的进一步证实。因此，古生菌分离物的需求量很大。另一方面，传统的古细菌培养方法很少成功，亟需改进。在这里，我们回顾了目前的做法和适用的微生物培养技术，以告知潜在的战略，可以改善未来的古生菌培养。我们首先总结了目前关于古生物多样性的知识，重点是与未来研究相关的栽培和未栽培的谱系。然后讨论了当前栽培措施成功率低的可能原因，并提出了未来的改进建议。最后，描述了对古菌培养的创新见解，包括(1)基于遗传和转录信息的选择性培养的培养基改进；(2)考虑最新的古菌培养技术；以及(3)多种培养技术的应用，如共培养、物种间直接电子转移(饮食)、单细胞分离、高通量培养(HTC)和模拟自然栖息地。改进的培养工作应该能够成功地分离尚未培养的古生菌，有助于对古生菌进行亟需的生理调查。
Archaea have been recognized as a major domain of life since the 1970s and occupy a key position in the tree of life. Recent advances in culture-independent approaches have greatly accelerated the research son Archaea. However, many hypotheses concerning the diversity, physiology, and evolution of archaea are waiting to be confirmed by culture-base experiments. Consequently, archaeal isolates are in great demand. On the other hand, traditional approaches of archaeal cultivation are rarely successful and require urgent improvement. Here, we review the current practices and applicable microbial cultivation techniques, to inform on potential strategies that could improve archaeal cultivation in the future. We first summarize the current knowledge on archaeal diversity, with an emphasis on cultivated and uncultivated lineages pertinent to future research. Possible causes for the low success rate of the current cultivation practices are then discussed to propose future improvements. Finally, innovative insights for archaeal cultivation are described, including (1) medium refinement for selective cultivation based on the genetic and transcriptional information; (2) consideration of the up-to-date archaeal culturing skills; and (3) application of multiple cultivation techniques, such as co-culture, direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), single-cell isolation, high-throughput culturing (HTC), and simulation of the natural habitat. Improved cultivation efforts should allow successful isolation of as yet uncultured archaea, contributing to the much-needed physiological investigation of archaea.