MAMMALS OF PARTICULAR CONSERVATION CONCERN IN THE WESTERN DIVISION OF NEW-SOUTH-WALES
MAMMALS OF PARTICULAR CONSERVATION CONCERN IN THE WESTERN DIVISION OF NEW-SOUTH-WALES
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DOI：
10.1016/0006-3207(93)90056-7
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发表时间：
1993-01-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
PARNABY, HE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DICKMAN, CR;PRESSEY, RL;PARNABY, HE
新南威尔士州西部地区是澳大利亚干旱区东部边缘的一个行政区域，面积为325000平方公里。自1788年欧洲人定居以来，该分区已记录了71种本土哺乳动物，另有7种仅作为亚化石记录，另有15种物种出现在该分区边界100公里范围内。至少有27个原始物种已经在区域内灭绝，另有11个物种的分布范围已经减少。在澳大利亚的其他地区，物种的损失一直是最大的啮齿动物和有袋动物在35 5500克的临界重量范围内，蝙蝠最少。然而，相对于其他地区，陆地动物的损失百分比很高，这可能反映了新南威尔士州的早期定居和49%的原始动物群在该地区的边缘分布。在1857年之前，野猫与多达10种本土哺乳动物的区域灭绝有关。随后的灭绝和范围缩小归因于多种原因，包括猫科动物Felis卡图斯和红狐Vulpes vulpes的捕食，兔子Oryctolagus cuniculus的竞争和栖息地退化，股票和其他引进的食草动物，树木的砍伐，火灾制度的变化和人类迫害。分布或生存预后。全国性的9种，州性的4种，区域性的15种。目前对这些物种的主要威胁来自放牧、野生哺乳动物的干扰和砍伐。进一步保留土地是一项重要的保护措施，但如果要保持目前的物种多样性，就必须辅之以更有效地管理非保留土地，并对野生物种和其他威胁过程进行广泛管理。应在整个西部分区开展长期动物调查，以提供关于管理措施有效性的反馈，并应考虑在威胁已消除的情况下重新引入物种。
The Western Division of New South Wales is an administrative region of 325000 km2 on the eastern fringe of the Australian arid zone. Since European settlement in 1788, 71 species of native mammals have been recorded in the Division, seven more have been documented only as sub-fossils, and a further 15 species occur within 100 km of the Division boundary. At least 27 of the original species have become regionally extinct, and a further 11 have declined in distribution. As in other regions of Australia, species losses have been greatest for rodents and marsupials in a critical weight range of 35 5500 g, and least for bats. However, percentage losses among the terrestrial fauna are high relative to other regions, and probably reflect both the early settlement of New South Wales and the marginal distribution in the Division of 49% of the original fauna. Feral cats are implicated in the regional extinction of up to ten species of native mammals prior to 1857. Subsequent extinctions and range reductions are attributed to combinations of causes, including predation from cats Felis catus and red foxes Vulpes vulpes, competition and habitat degradation from rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus, stock and other introduced herbivores, clearing of trees, changes in fire regimes and human persecution.We identified 28 species of particular conservation concern in the Division based on low abundance, distribution or survival prognosis. Nine species are of national significance, four of state, and 15 of regional, significance. The major current threats to these species are from grazing by stock, interference from feral mammals and clearing. Further land reservation is an important conservation measure, but must be complemented by more effective management of non-reserved land and by broad-scale management of feral species and other threatening processes if the current species diversity is to be maintained. Long-term fauna surveys should be initiated throughout the Western Division to provide feedback on the effectiveness of management measures, and species reintroductions should be considered in situations where threats have been removed.