Nevada STORMS project: Measurement of mercury emissions from naturally enriched surfaces
Nevada STORMS project: Measurement of mercury emissions from naturally enriched surfaces
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DOI：
10.1029/1999jd900351
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发表时间：
1999-09-20
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Zhang, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gustin, MS;Lindberg, S;Zhang, H
扩散的人为和自然汞富集区是大气中元素汞的长期来源。内华达州的土壤汞释放研究和测试项目侧重于测量自然富集区的汞排放。在该项目期间，同时测量的汞通量从天然富汞基板9月1日至4日，1997年，使用四种微气象方法和7个场通量室。环境空气汞浓度范围从2到近200纳克米（-3），表明现场是大气汞的来源。在无降水条件下，用野外箱测量的白天汞通量平均值为50 ~ 360 ng m（-2）h（-1），用微气象学方法测量的白天汞通量平均值为230 ~ 600 ng m（-2）h（-1）。汞排放率的这一大范围反映了方法、实验设计和当地来源强度的差异。不同野外箱测得的汞通量差异显著（p < 0.05），但呈线性相关。这表明，现场商会响应类似的环境条件下，但在实验设计和网站异质性的差异有显着的影响汞通量的大小。现场研究期间开发的数据表明，场通量室是理想的物理化学过程驱动汞通量的评估和发展的理解的影响程度的各个因素对通量。在一般情况下，平均汞通量测量与微气象方法在白天期间比平均通量测量与现场通量室高出近3倍。微气象学方法可以推导出一个无约束系统中出现的代表性汞通量，并提供一个区域中出现的通量的实际大小和可变性的评估。
Diffuse anthropogenic and naturally mercury-enriched areas represent long-lived sources of elemental mercury to the atmosphere. The Nevada Study and Tests of the Release of Mercury From Soils (STORMS) project focused on the measurement of mercury emissions from a naturally enriched area. During the project, concurrent measurements of mercury fluxes from naturally mercury-enriched substrate were made September 1-4, 1997, using four micrometeorological methods and seven field flux chambers. Ambient air mercury concentrations ranged from 2 to nearly 200 ng m(-3) indicating that the field site is a source of atmospheric mercury. The mean daytime mercury fluxes,during conditions of no precipitation, measured with field chambers were 50 to 360 ng m(-2) h(-1) and with the micrometeorological methods were 230 to 600 ng m(-2) h(-1). This wide range in mercury emission rates reflects differences in method experimental designs and local source strengths. Mercury fluxes measured by many field chambers were significantly different (p < 0.05) but linearly correlated. This indicates that field chambers responded similarly to environmental conditions, but differences in experimental design and site heterogeneity had a significant influence on the magnitude of mercury fluxes. Data developed during the :field study demonstrated that field flux chambers are ideal for assessment of the physicochemical processes driving mercury flux and development of an understanding of the magnitude of the influence of individual factors on flux. In general, mean mercury fluxes measured with micrometeorological methods during daytime periods were nearly 3 times higher than mean fluxes measured with field flux chambers. Micrometeorological methods allow for derivation of a representative mercury flux occurring from an unconstrained system and provide an assessment of the actual magnitude and variability of fluxes occurring from an area.