The nutrition of preterm infants
The nutrition of preterm infants
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DOI：
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.12.020
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Rigo, Jacques
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
De Curtis, Mario;Rigo, Jacques
尽管人们为改善极低出生体重（VLBW）婴儿的新生儿营养做出了巨大努力，但许多婴儿未能摄入足够的营养，从而出现宫外生长受限。为了尽量减少出生时营养的中断，有人提出了一种“积极的”营养方法。肠外营养可以满足婴儿生长和发育的需要，适用于无法通过肠内途径喂养、不充分或危险的婴儿。在过去的几年中，从出生第一天起，VLBW婴儿的高氨基酸供应就得到了极大的关注，以避免分解代谢，建立合成代谢，实现子宫内蛋白质积累率，并促进线性生长。只要有可能，肠内喂养应从母乳开始，这是所有婴儿（包括早产婴儿）的首选喂养方法。为了满足极低出生体重婴儿独特的营养需求并保留母乳喂养的独特益处，应强化母乳以允许足够的生长和骨骼矿化。当用母乳喂养早产儿不可能或极其有限时，必须使用以牛奶为基础的早产儿配方奶粉。 (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Although great efforts have been made to improve neonatal nutrition in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants, many do not receive adequate nutrient intake and thus develop extrauterine growth restriction. In order to minimize the interruption of nutrients that occurs at birth, an "aggressive" nutritional approach has been proposed. Parenteral nutrition, which allows the infant's requirements for growth and development to be met, is indicated in infants for whom feeding via the enteral route is impossible, inadequate, or hazardous. In the last few years, great attention has been given to high amino acid supply in VLBW infants from the first day of life in order to avoid catabolism, establish anabolism, achieve in utero protein accretion rates, and promote linear growth. Whenever possible, enteral feeding should commence with human milk, which is the preferred feeding method for all infants, including those born preterm. In order to meet the unique nutritional requirements of VLBW infants and preserve the singular benefit of breastfeeding, human milk should be fortified to allow adequate growth and bone mineralization. When feeding of preterm infants with human milk is impossible or extremely limited, cow-milk-based formulas for preterm infants must be used. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.