UNEMPLOYMENT AND SUICIDAL-BEHAVIOR - A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
UNEMPLOYMENT AND SUICIDAL-BEHAVIOR - A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/0277-9536(84)90276-4
复制
发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
PLATT, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
PLATT, S
为了提供一个框架来回顾大量关于失业和自杀行为的文献，作者区分了两类故意自残行为：有致命结果的自杀和有非致命结果的自杀;区分了四种主要的定量研究报告类型：个人-横截面;聚合-横截面;个人-纵向;聚合-纵向。方法问题和实证研究结果分别讨论每种类型的研究和每一类故意自我伤害。横截面个人研究表明，显着更多的parasuicides和自杀者失业比一般人群样本中预期的。同样，失业者的准自杀和自杀率也总是大大高于就业者。总体横截面研究提供了失业和自杀完成之间的一致关系的证据，但失业和parasuicide. Results之间的一个显着的地理关联被发现，但从所有的个人纵向studies之一的点，显着更多的失业，工作不稳定性和职业问题之间的自杀相比，非自杀。总体纵向分析显示，在美利坚合众国和一些欧洲国家，失业与自杀之间存在显著的正相关。英国在20世纪60年代和70年代早期出现的负相关关系被证明是由于最常见的自杀方式无法获得而导致自杀率的独特下降。然而，尽管有确凿的证据表明失业和自杀行为之间存在联系，但这种联系的性质仍然存在很大的问题。根据现有的数据，作者认为，宏观经济条件虽然没有直接影响自杀率，但可能构成导致自我伤害行为的因果链中的一个重要的前因变量。进一步的实证研究的基础上的纵向设计recommeded作为一个紧迫的问题，使一个更明确的评估的病因学意义的失业在parasuicide。
In order to provide a framework for reviewing the voluminous literature on unemployment and suicidal behaviour, the author distinguishes between two categories of deliberately self-harmful act: those with fatal outcome (suicide) and those with non-fatal outcome (parasuicide); and differentiates four major types of quantitative research report: individual—cross-sectional; aggregate—cross-sectional; individual-longitudinal; and aggregate-longitudinal. Methodological issues and empirical research findings are discussed separately for each type of study and each category of deliberate self-harm.Cross-sectional individual studies reveal that significantly more parasuicides and suicides are unemployed than would be expected among general population samples. Likewise, parasuicide and suicide rates among the unemployed are always considerably higher than among the employed. Aggregate—cross-sectional studies provide no evidence of a consistent relationship between unemployment and completed suicide, but a significant geographical association between unemployment and parasuicide was found. Results from all but one of the individual longitudinal studies point to significantly more unemployment, job instability and occupational problems among suicides compared to non-suicides. The aggregate longitudinal analyses reveal a significant positive association between unemployment and suicide in the United States of America and some European countries. The negative relationship in Great Britain during the 1960s and early 1970s has been shown to result from a unique decline in suicide rates due to the unavailability of the most common method of suicide.However, despite the firm evidence of anassociationbetween unemployment and suicidal behaviour, the nature of this association remains highly problematic. On the basis of the available data, the author suggests that macro-economic conditions, although not directly influencing the suicide rate, may nevertheless constitute an important antecedent variable in the causal chain leading to self-harmful behaviour. Further empirical research based on a longitudinal design is recommeded as a matter of urgency so that a more definitive assessment of the aetiological significance of unemployment in parasuicide may be made.