Fibroblast growth factors in the nervous system.
Fibroblast growth factors in the nervous system.
复制标题
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. Eckenstein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Eckenstein
成纤维细胞生长因子(FGFs)具有广泛的促有丝分裂和神经营养活性。目前已知该家族的9个成员，在中枢神经系统中表达相对较高的成纤维细胞生长因子-1和成纤维细胞生长因子-2。成纤维细胞生长因子-1由神经细胞亚群表达，而成纤维细胞生长因子-2由星形胶质细胞表达。成纤维细胞生长因子-1和成纤维细胞生长因子-2缺乏信号肽，似乎主要存在于细胞内。这表明，这些因子可能是损伤后修复反应的启动者。支持这一观点的观察结果表明，在发育的关键阶段，成纤维细胞生长因子-1和成纤维细胞生长因子-2的水平较低，但在成年中枢神经系统中水平较高。一组跨膜酪氨酸激酶受体(FGFRs)介导了FGFs的作用。目前已知有四种不同的编码成纤维细胞生长因子受体的基因，其中三种在中枢神经系统中以细胞类型特异的模式表达。然而，该组织中存在的主要受体变体本身并不能区分成纤维细胞生长因子-1和成纤维细胞生长因子-2。额外的选择性可以通过FGFs及其受体与选择性肝素蛋白多糖(HSPG)的相互作用来建立。因此，FGFs的确切生理作用是由FGFs、FGFRs和HSPGs的细胞类型特异性表达模式以及调节FGFs细胞外可获得性的机制共同决定的。
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) exhibit widespread mitogenic and neurotrophic activities. Nine members of the family are currently known, and FGF-1 and FGF-2 are present in relatively high levels in CNS. FGF-1 is expressed by a subset of neuronal populations, while FGF-2 is expressed by astrocytes. FGF-1 and FGF-2 lack signal peptides and appear to be present mainly in intracellular compartments. This suggests that the factors may act as initiators of a repair response after injury. Support for this notion comes from observations that FGF-1 and FGF-2 levels are low during critical phases of development, but high in the adult CNS. A family of transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors (FGFRs) mediates the effects of FGFs. Four different genes coding for FGF receptors are currently known, three of which are expressed in cell type-specific patterns in the CNS. The main receptor variants present in this tissue, however, can by themselves not distinguish between FGF-1 and FGF-2. Additional selectivity may be established by interaction of the FGFs and their receptors with select heparan proteoglycans (HSPGs). Therefore, the precise physiological role of FGFs is determined by the combination of cell type-specific patterns of expression of FGFs, FGFRs and HSPGs together with the mechanisms that regulate the extracellular availability of FGFs.