Genes in Conflict
Genes in Conflict
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DOI：
10.4159/9780674029118
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发表时间：
2006-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Burt;R. Trivers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Burt;R. Trivers
前言1。自私遗传要素遗传合作与冲突实现“驱力”的三种途径——个体亲属冲突对宿主群体的传播率影响本章自私遗传要素设计研究常染色体杀手t单倍型的发现结构t单倍型的历史和分布、驱动的遗传、交配系统的重要性和配子的竞争、抗性等位基因的选择、t复合体的逆转录、隐性致死性、增强子和抑制子以及主要组织相容性复合体杂合（+/t）适应度效应：性别拮抗？其他配子杀手在自然界中的频率果蝇的分离扭曲真菌的孢子杀手配子杀手母效应杀手粉甲虫的Medea小鼠的HSR， scat+和OmDDK母效应杀手妊娠驱动的进化？植物配子体因子双翅目动物的自私性染色体性染色体驱动杀手X染色体杀手Y染色体杀手性染色体的分类学分布性别决定的进化周期啮齿动物的雌性化X（和Y）染色体变异旅鼠木旅鼠其他鼠类其他冲突：性别比和配偶选择哺乳动物Igf2和Igf2r基因印迹与亲代投资相反印迹，相反作用的生长因子在小鼠中的生长作用印迹基因在小鼠和人类中的作用印迹机制的进化印迹机制涉及甲基化，是复杂的印迹机制不同组分之间的冲突冲突的历史反映在印迹装置的进化翻转印迹装置的胞内相互作用，极性优势，双亲本印记和其他可能的其他性状：亲本投入期后的社会互动小鼠的母性行为近交和分散亲缘识别功能嵌合小鼠的组织效应、欺骗和自我欺骗印记以及其他类群的性染色体基因组印记的解释开花植物其他类群预测有印记的自私线粒体DNA线粒体基因组学：酵母个体“微小”突变中的引物线粒体选择——单代遗传DUI下单代遗传的进化贻贝细胞质雄性不育的母-女和父-子mtDNA遗传单代遗传表明mtDNA在植物雄性不育中的单性选择不成比例的作用线粒体作用和核反应机制自然群体中CMS和恢复系CMS、雄性化和雌雄分离的进化突变变异、CMS和父系遗传的重要性、核分裂冲突、线粒体和凋亡、线粒体和生殖细胞测定的其他痕迹、线粒体和RNA编辑基因转换与归巢偏倚基因转换分子机制真菌BGC的有效选择系数BGC与基因组进化BGC与减数分裂机制进化归巢与反归巢HEGs的归巢方式HEGs通常与自剪接内含子或内含子HEGs与寄主交配系统水平传递、退化的进化周期酵母II族内含子的HEG驯化和交配型转换人工HEG作为群体基因工程工具的基本结构增加负荷防止自然抗性和水平传播群体基因工程其他用途转座子分子结构与机制DNA转座子系和sins LTR逆转录因子群体生物学与自然选择转座子率低但大于切离率自然选择对宿主的影响减缓转座子的传播P元素在黑肠草中的快速传播净繁殖率转座子率的函数及其对宿主适合度的影响减少对宿主转座子率和拷贝数的伤害“调控”选择自识别缺陷和抑制元件宿主物种中活性元件的灭绝水平传递和长期持久性近交和异交群体中的转座元件固定的有益插入率转座元件与宿主进化转座元件和染色体重排转座元件和基因组大小转座元件功能和宿主防御的协同选择不是宿主适应或共生起源古代、嵌合和多种起源雌性驱动：自私着丝粒与雌性减数分裂玉米10号染色体异常玉米其他旋钮对其他物种玉米旋钮、多余片段和新着丝粒的有害影响减数分裂特异性着丝粒和全新中心染色体自私着丝粒与减数分裂ⅰ着丝粒数量的重要性：哺乳动物的罗伯逊易位雌性驱动与核型进化极体重新加入种系9。B染色体驱动型驱动型A和B的遗传因素在已研究物种中影响B驱动传输率的因素无驱动度异交和驱动对表型的影响对基因组大小、细胞大小和细胞周期的影响对体细胞组织外部表型消失的影响B数量和奇偶效应B的负面效应在严酷条件下更为明显驱动的性别与表型效应的性别有关吗？杂种A染色体A对重组的影响中性和有益的B染色体有益的B染色体plorans中的B染色体：一个连续中和的例子？结构与含量大小多态性异染色质基因串联重复序列B的起源与B存在相关的A因子基因组大小染色体数目A染色体的倍体形状B与性别比直翅目果蝇X-B的父系性别比（PSR） Y果蝇是从B进化而来的吗？b对车前草雄性不育性比的其他影响。基因组排斥：雄性父系基因组缺失，还是螨类的异二倍体PGL、蚧类的异二倍体PGL、咖啡螟甲虫的异二倍体PGL、跳尾虫的异二倍体？PGL与单倍体Sciarid染色体系统的进化PGL与单倍体Sciarid染色体系统的显著特征进化假说机制PGL在瘿蚊杂交或半无性生殖中的作用顶鱼Poeciliopsis水蛙蛙蛙蛙Stick Insect Bacillus rossiw -桔梗杂交发生的进化雄激素发生或母体基因组丢失松柏dupreziana蛤Corbicula Stick Insect Bacillus rossiw -桔梗自私的细胞系镶嵌体细胞谱系选择：癌症和适应性免疫系统生殖细胞进化中的细胞谱系选择生殖细胞自私基因和生殖细胞限制性DNA嵌合体嵌合的分类调查自私自利基因的逻辑分子遗传学自私自利基因与物种内自私自利基因的性别命运种与种之间的运动种与种之间的分布在宿主进化中的作用自私自利基因的隐藏世界参考文献词汇索引
Preface 1. SELFISH GENETIC ELEMENTS Genetic Cooperation and Conflict Three Ways to Achieve "Drive" Within-Individual Kinship Conflicts Rates of Spread Effects on the Host Population The Study of Selfish Genetic Elements Design of This Book 2. AUTOSOMAL KILLERS The t Haplotype Discovery Structure of the t Haplotype History and Distribution Genetics of Drive Importance of Mating System and Gamete Competition Fate of Resistant Alleles Selection for Inversions Recessive Lethals in t Complexes Enhancers and Suppressors t and the Major Histocompatability Complex Heterozygous (+/t) Fitness Effects: Sex Antagonistic? Accounting for t Frequencies in Nature Other Gamete Killers Segregation Distorter in Drosophila Spore Killers in Fungi Incidence of Gamete Killers Maternal-Effect Killers Medea in Flour Beetles HSR, scat+, and OmDDK in Mice The Evolution of Maternal-Effect Killers Gestational Drive? Gametophyte Factors in Plants 3. SELFISH SEX CHROMOSOMES Sex Chromosome Drive in the Diptera Killer X Chromosomes Killer Y Chromosomes Taxonomic Distribution of Killer Sex Chromosomes Evolutionary Cycles of Sex Determination Feminizing X (and Y) Chromosomes in Rodents The Varying Lemming The Wood Lemming Other Murids Other Conflicts: Sex Ratios and Mate Choice 4. GENOMIC IMPRINTING Imprinting and Parental Investment in Mammals Igf2 and Igf2r: Oppositely Imprinted, Oppositely Acting Growth Factors in Mice Growth Effects of Imprinted Genes in Mice and Humans Evolution of the Imprinting Apparatus The Mechanisms of Imprinting Involve Methylation and Are Complex Conflict Between Different Components of the Imprinting Machinery History of Conflict Reflected in the Imprinting Apparatus Evolutionary Turnover of the Imprinting Apparatus Intralocus Interactions, Polar Overdominance, and Paramutation Transmission Ratio Distortion at Imprinted Loci Biparental Imprinting and Other Possibilities Other Traits: Social Interactions after the Period of Parental Investment Maternal Behavior in Mice Inbreeding and Dispersal Kin Recognition Functional Interpretation of Tissue Effects in Chimeric Mice Deceit and Selves-Deception Imprinting and the Sex Chromosomes Genomic Imprinting in Other Taxa Flowering Plants Other Taxa Predicted to Have Imprinting 5. SELFISH MITOCHONDRIAL DNA Mitochondrial Genomics: A Primer Mitochondrial Selection within the Individual "Petite" Mutations in Yeast Within-Individual Selection and the Evolution of Uniparental Inheritance Within-Individual Selection under Uniparental Inheritance DUI: Mother-to-Daughter and Father-to-Son mtDNA Inheritance in Mussels Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Uniparental Inheritance Implies Unisexual Selection Disproportionate Role of mtDNA in Plant Male Sterility Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Action and Nuclear Reaction CMS and Restorers in Natural Populations CMS, Masculinization, and the Evolution of Separate Sexes Pollen Limitation, Frequency Dependence, and Local Extinction Resource Reallocation Versus Inbreeding Avoidance Importance of Mutational Variation CMS and Paternal Transmission Other Traces of Mito-Nuclear Conflict Mitochondria and Apoptosis Mitochondria and Germ Cell Determination Mitochondria and RNA Editing 6. GENE CONVERSION AND HOMING Biased Gene Conversion Molecular Mechanisms Effective Selection Coefficients Due to BGC in Fungi BGC and Genome Evolution BGC and Evolution of the Meiotic Machinery Homing and Retrohoming How HEGs Home HEGs Usually Associated with Self-Splicing Introns or Inteins HEGs and Host Mating System Evolutionary Cycle of Horizontal Transmission, Degeneration, and Loss HEG Domestication and Mating-Type Switching in Yeast Group II Introns Artificial HEGs As Tools for Population Genetic Engineering The Basic Construct Increasing the Load Preventing Natural Resistance and Horizontal Transmission Population Genetic Engineering Other Uses 7. TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS Molecular Structure and Mechanisms DNA Transposons LINEs and SINEs LTR Retroelements Population Biology and Natural Selection Transposition Rates Low But Greater Than Excision Rates Natural Selection on the Host Slows the Spread of Transposable Elements Rapid Spread of P Elements in D. melanogaster Net Reproductive Rate a Function of Transposition Rate and Effect on Host Fitness Reducing Harm to the Host Transposition Rate and Copy Number "Regulation" Selection for Self-Recognition Defective and Repressor Elements Extinction of Active Elements in Host Species Horizontal Transmission and Long-Term Persistence Transposable Elements in Inbred and Outcrossed Populations Beneficial Inserts Rates of Fixation Transposable Elements and Host Evolution Transposable Elements and Chromosomal Rearrangements Transposable Elements and Genome Size Co-Option of Transposable Element Functions and Host Defenses Transposable Elements As Parasites, Not Host Adaptations or Mutualists Origins Ancient, Chimeric, and Polyphyletic Origins 8. FEMALE DRIVE Selfish Centromeres and Female Meiosis Abnormal Chromosome 10 of Maize Other Knobs in Maize Deleterious Effects of Knobs in Maize Knobs, Supernumerary Segments, and Neocentromeres in Other Species Meiosis-Specific Centromeres and Holocentric Chromosomes Selfish Centromeres and Meiosis I The Importance of Centromere Number: Robertsonian Translocations in Mammals Sperm-Dependent Female Drive? Female Drive and Karyotype Evolution Polar Bodies Rejoining the Germline 9. B CHROMOSOMES Drive Types of Drive Genetics of A and B Factors Affecting B Drive Transmission Rates inWell-Studied Species Absence of Drive Degree of Outcrossing and Drive Effects on the Phenotype Effects on Genome Size, Cell Size, and Cell Cycle Effects on the External Phenotype Disappearance from Somatic Tissue B Number and the Odd-Even Effect Negative Effects of Bs More Pronounced under Harsher Conditions Is the Sex of Drive Associated with the Sex of Phenotypic Effect? B Effects on Recombination Among the As Pairing of A Chromosomes in Hybrids Neutral and Beneficial Bs Beneficial B Chromosomes B Chromosomes in Eyprepocnemis plorans: A Case of Continuous Neutralization? Structure and Content Size Polymorphism Heterochromatin Genes Tandem Repeats The Origin of Bs A Factors Associated with B Presence Genome Size Chromosome Number Ploidy Shape of A Chromosomes Bs and the Sex Ratio Paternal Sex Ratio (PSR) in Nasonia X-B Associations in Orthoptera Has the Drosophila Y Evolved from a B? Other Effects of Bs on the Sex Ratio Male Sterility in Plantago 10. GENOMIC EXCLUSION Paternal Genome Loss in Males, or Parahaplodiploidy PGL in Mites PGL in Scale Insects PGL in the Coffee Borer Beetle PGL in Springtails? Evolution of PGL PGL and Haplodiploidy Sciarid Chromosome System Notable Features of the Sciarid System An Evolutionary Hypothesis Mechanisms PGL in Gall Midges Hybridogenesis, or Hemiclonal Reproduction The Topminnow Poeciliopsis The Water Frog Rana esculenta The Stick Insect Bacillus rossius-grandii Evolution of Hybridogenesis Androgenesis, or Maternal Genome Loss The Conifer Cupressus dupreziana The Clam Corbicula The Stick Insect Bacillus rossius-grandii 11. SELFISH CELL LINEAGES Mosaics Somatic Cell Lineage Selection: Cancer and the Adaptive Immune System Cell Lineage Selection in the Germline Evolution of the Germline Selfish Genes and Germline-Limited DNA Chimeras Taxonomic Survey of Chimerism Somatic Chimerism and Polar Bodies 12. SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Logic of Selfish Genetic Elements Molecular Genetics Selfish Genes and Sex Fate of a Selfish Gene within a Species Movement between Species Distribution among Species Role in Host Evolution The HiddenWorld of Selfish Genetic Elements References Glossary Index