The atmospheric hydrologic cycle in the ACME v0.3 model
The atmospheric hydrologic cycle in the ACME v0.3 model
复制标题
ACME v0.3 模型中的大气水文循环
DOI：
10.1007/s00382-017-3803-x
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
M. Branstetter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Terai;P. Caldwell;S. Klein;Q. Tang;M. Branstetter
在1980-2005年的纯大气模拟中，我们研究了加速气候能源模型v0.3(与共同体大气模型的版本5.3密切相关)中的全球水循环特征。我们使用广泛的观测和再分析数据集对模拟进行了评估，考察了当水平分辨率从1°增加到0.25时模拟的变化，并将模拟与参加第五次耦合模式比对项目的大气模式比对项目的模式进行了比较。已作出特别努力，在已知观测数据之间存在差异的情况下，利用现有的最佳观测估计数对模型进行评估，并用更多的数据集核实模型偏差。无论分辨率如何，模型都表现出几个偏差：全球平均降水量、蒸发量和可降水量太高，轻降水太频繁，水在大气中的停留时间太短。参加CMIP5的多模式平均气候模型分享了其中的许多偏见。通过考察不同的领域，如当地蒸发和水汽输送，讨论了区域降水偏差背后的原因。尽管提高水平分辨率并不会显著改变水循环，但它确实导致了一些差异：全球平均降水率的增加，陆地上总降水量的增加，更频繁的强降水(>；30 mm/天)，以及可降水量的减少。最显着的变化之一是对流参数化产生的降水向大尺度微物理参数化产生的降水转移。我们分析了湿度和环流随分辨率的变化如何促成降水分配的这种变化。因为更改水平分辨率需要重新调整，所以通过在1$$^{\cic}$$∘上执行另一个模拟，但使用0.25$$^{\cic}$$∘模拟中的调整来评估该调整的效果。结果表明，强降水频发、可降水量减少、对流降水向大尺度降水转移主要是由于分辨率的变化，而调谐变化对全球平均降水和降水的陆地/海洋分配有较大的影响。
We examine the global water cycle characteristics in the Accelerated Climate Modeling for Energy v0.3 model (a close relative to version 5.3 of the Community Atmosphere Model) in atmosphere-only simulations spanning the years 1980–2005. We evaluate the simulations using a broad range of observational and reanalysis datasets, examine how the simulations change when the horizontal resolution is increased from 1° to 0.25$$^{\circ }$$∘, and compare the simulations against models participating in the the Atmosphere Model Intercomparison Project of the 5th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Particular effort has been made to evaluate the model using the best available observational estimates and verifying model biases with additional datasets when differences are known to exist among the observations. Regardless of resolution, the model exhibits several biases: global-mean precipitation, evaporation, and precipitable water are too high, light precipitation occurs too frequently, and the atmospheric residence time of water is too short. Many of these biases are shared by the multi-model mean climate of models participating in CMIP5. The reasons behind regional biases in precipitation are discussed by examining how different fields, such as local evaporation and transport of water vapor, contribute to the bias. Although increasing the horizontal resolution does not drastically change the water cycle, it does lead to a few differences: an increase in global mean precipitation rate, an increase in the fraction of total precipitation that falls over land, more frequent heavy precipitation (>30 mm day$$^{-1}$$-1), and a decrease in precipitable water. One of the most notable changes is the shift of precipitation produced by the convective parameterization to that produced by the large-scale microphysics parameterization. We analyze how changes in moisture and circulation with resolution contribute to this shift in the precipitation partitioning. Because changing horizontal resolution requires some re-tuning, the effect of that tuning was evaluated by performing an additional simulation at 1$$^{\circ }$$∘ but using the tunings from the 0.25$$^{\circ }$$∘ simulation. The evaluation shows that the more frequent heavy precipitation, the decrease in precipitable water, and the shift from convective to large-scale precipitation are predominantly due to resolution changes, while tuning changes have a major influence on the global mean precipitation and the land/ocean partitioning of precipitation.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Hertwig, Eileen;von Storch, Jin-Song;Krismer, Thomas
通讯作者：
Krismer, Thomas