Microbial Metal Resistance within Structured Environments Is Inversely Related to Environmental Pore Size.
Microbial Metal Resistance within Structured Environments Is Inversely Related to Environmental Pore Size.
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.01005-21
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发表时间：
2021-09-28
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Avery SV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harvey HJ;Mitzakoff AMT;Wildman RD;Mooney SJ;Avery SV
微生物自然栖息的物理环境很少具有均匀的结构，其多孔结构的变化可能对传统实验室研究中通常无法捕获的微生物活动产生影响。在这项研究中，为了研究环境结构对微生物对压力的反应的影响，我们构建了具有不同孔隙特性（由X射线计算机断层扫描确定）的结构化环境。首先，使用玻璃珠在不同的安排和接种的土壤酵母Saitozyma podzolica，平均等效球直径（ESD）的结构的多孔结构的增加导致减少的酵母菌的生存下的有毒金属的挑战与硝酸铅。当将酵母引入到增材制造的晶格结构中时，这种关系得以再现，所述晶格结构包括具有与珠结构的ESD相当的ESD的规则阵列。孔隙ESD依赖性的金属电阻是不归因于细胞密度的差异，在微环境中界定的不同孔径，支持的推断，孔径具体是在确定生存的压力的重要参数。这些发现突出了生物体的直接环境的物理结构的重要性，其对环境扰动的反应，同时提供了新的工具，在实验室中调查这些相互作用。细胞与其结构化环境之间的相互作用知之甚少，但对生物体在自然和非自然环境中的成功具有重要意义。这项工作使用了多学科的方法来开发实验室模型，与环境结构的一个关键参数的影响，孔径对细胞活动可以解剖。使用这些新方法与增材制造相结合，我们证明了酵母土壤分离物对压力（来自常见金属污染物）的抵抗力与其环境的孔径呈负相关。这对于理解微生物如何在不同环境中应对压力具有重要意义。这些发现还为解决物理环境对微生物活性的影响建立了新的途径，从而实现了传统批量采样和分析方法无法实现的重要理解。
The physical environments in which microorganisms naturally reside rarely have homogeneous structure, and changes in their porous architecture may have effects on microbial activities that are not typically captured in conventional laboratory studies. In this study, to investigate the influence of environmental structure on microbial responses to stress, we constructed structured environments with different pore properties (determined by X-ray computed tomography). First, using glass beads in different arrangements and inoculated with the soil yeast Saitozyma podzolica, increases in the average equivalent spherical diameters (ESD) of a structure’s porous architecture led to decreased survival of the yeast under a toxic metal challenge with lead nitrate. This relationship was reproduced when yeasts were introduced into additively manufactured lattice structures, comprising regular arrays with ESDs comparable to those of the bead structures. The pore ESD dependency of metal resistance was not attributable to differences in cell density in microenvironments delimited by different pore sizes, supporting the inference that pore size specifically was the important parameter in determining survival of stress. These findings highlight the importance of the physical architecture of an organism’s immediate environment for its response to environmental perturbation, while offering new tools for investigating these interactions in the laboratory. IMPORTANCE Interactions between cells and their structured environments are poorly understood but have significant implications for organismal success in both natural and nonnatural settings. This work used a multidisciplinary approach to develop laboratory models with which the influence of a key parameter of environmental structure—pore size—on cell activities can be dissected. Using these new methods in tandem with additive manufacturing, we demonstrated that resistance of yeast soil isolates to stress (from a common metal pollutant) is inversely related to pore size of their environment. This has important ramifications for understanding how microorganisms respond to stress in different environments. The findings also establish new pathways for resolving the effects of physical environment on microbial activity, enabling important understanding that is not readily attainable with traditional bulk sampling and analysis approaches.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Wohlgemuth F;Gomes RL;Singleton I;Rawson FJ;Avery SV
通讯作者：
Avery SV