THE CODING OF SPATIAL LOCATION IN YOUNG-CHILDREN
THE CODING OF SPATIAL LOCATION IN YOUNG-CHILDREN
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DOI：
10.1006/cogp.1994.1014
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发表时间：
1994-10-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
SANDBERG, EH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HUTTENLOCHER, J;NEWCOMBE, N;SANDBERG, EH
本文主要研究幼儿空间位置的表征。我们报告了六个实验，表明编码位置的基本框架在生命早期就存在。后来的发展包括将组织强加于大范围有限空间的能力日益增强。在前四个实验中，我们检查了非常年幼的孩子是否能像成年人一样，在一个均匀的空间中定位物体，通过眼睛估计这些物体在某个参考框架中的位置。结果表明，16至24个月的孩子能够利用距离来编码隐藏在大沙箱中的物体的位置。距离的编码不依赖于并列的外部地标，也不依赖于孩子自己的位置。在最后两个实验中，我们检查了幼儿是否像成年人一样，对物体的位置进行分层编码——不仅是在有限空间中的特定位置，而且是在该空间的更大部分内。反应中的偏差模式为这种两级位置编码提供了证据。儿童对空间进行细分的年龄取决于该空间的性质。沙盒被细分为10岁的孩子，而不是4岁或6岁的孩子。相比之下，在纸上画一个形状相似的矩形，即使是4岁的孩子也会细分。我们认为，在沙盒研究中，16个月大的婴儿也使用分层编码，将整个盒子视为一个类别，尽管他们没有将其划分为子部分。(C) 1994学术出版社，Inc.
The present paper is concerned with the representation of spatial location in young children. We report six experiments which indicate that the basic framework for coding location is present early in life. Later development consists of an increasing ability to impose organization on a broad range of bounded spaces. In the first four experiments, we examine whether very young children, like adults, can locate objects in a homogeneous space, estimating by eye the location of those objects within some frame of reference. Results show that children from 16 to 24 months are able to use distance to code the location of an object hidden in a large sandbox. Coding of distance is not dependent on a juxtaposed outside landmark, nor on the child's own position. In the last two experiments, we examine whether young children, like adults, code the location of an object hierarchically-not only as being in a particular location in a bounded space, but also as being within a larger segment of that space. The pattern of bias in responding provides evidence for such two-level coding of location. The age at which children impose subdivisions on a space depends on the nature of that space. The sandbox is subdivided by 10-year-olds, but not by 4- or 6-year-olds. In contrast, a rectangle of similar shape drawn on paper is subdivided even by 4-year-olds. We argue that 16-month-olds in the sandbox studies also use hierarchical coding, treating the whole box as a category, although they do not divide it into subsections. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.