Spatial and temporal differences in traffic-related air pollution in three urban neighborhoods near an interstate highway.
Spatial and temporal differences in traffic-related air pollution in three urban neighborhoods near an interstate highway.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.072
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Durant, John L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Patton, Allison P.;Perkins, Jessica;Zamore, Wig;Levy, Jonathan I.;Brugge, Doug;Durant, John L.
关键词：
相对较少的研究特点的内部和邻里之间的交通相关的空气污染物（TRAP）的浓度和距离衰减梯度在沿着城市公路的暴露评估的目的的差异。这项工作的目标是确定在多大程度上可以解释的交通和气象学在三对社区沿着93号州际公路（I-93）在大都会波士顿地区（美国）的内部和邻里之间的TRAP浓度的差异。我们测量了七个陷阱的距离衰减梯度（PNC，pPAH，NO，NOX，BC，CO，PM2.5）在萨默维尔，多切斯特/南波士顿，唐人街和马尔登的近公路（<400 m）和背景区域（>1 km），以确定（1）浓度和污染物间相关性的空间模式是否在社区之间存在差异，（2）邻里之间的变化可以用交通和气象学来解释。这些街区的面积从0.5平方公里到2.3平方公里不等。移动的监测在一年的过程中，在每对社区（一对社区，每年在连续三年; 35-47天的监测在每个社区）。污染物水平普遍增加与公路接近，符合I-93是一个主要来源的陷阱，但是，不同的邻居以及污染物，季节和时间的距离衰减梯度的斜率和程度。污染物之间的相关性在社区之间不同（例如，PNC和NOX之间的ρ = 0.35-0.80，PNC和BC之间的ρ = 0.11-0.60），并且多切斯特/南波士顿的浓度通常低于其他社区。我们发现，近公路梯度和近公路/城市背景对比的概括性是有限的，在大都市地区的近公路社区与大量的当地街道交通。我们的研究结果说明了在不同的环境条件下，在个别近高速公路社区的健康研究，涉及邻里间的比较，测量多种污染物的梯度的重要性。
Relatively few studies have characterized differences in intra- and inter-neighborhood traffic-related air pollutant (TRAP) concentrations and distance-decay gradients in along an urban highway for the purposes of exposure assessment. The goal of this work was to determine the extent to which intra- and inter-neighborhood differences in TRAP concentrations can be explained by traffic and meteorology in three pairs of neighborhoods along Interstate 93 (I-93) in the metropolitan Boston area (USA). We measured distance-decay gradients of seven TRAPs (PNC, pPAH, NO, NOX, BC, CO, PM2.5) in near-highway (<400 m) and background areas (>1 km) in Somerville, Dorchester/South Boston, Chinatown and Malden to determine whether (1) spatial patterns in concentrations and inter-pollutant correlations differ between neighborhoods, and (2) variation within and between neighborhoods can be explained by traffic and meteorology. The neighborhoods ranged in area from 0.5 to 2.3 km2. Mobile monitoring was performed over the course of one year in each pair of neighborhoods (one pair of neighborhoods per year in three successive years; 35-47 days of monitoring in each neighborhood). Pollutant levels generally increased with highway proximity, consistent with I-93 being a major source of TRAP; however, the slope and extent of the distance-decay gradients varied by neighborhood as well as by pollutant, season and time of day. Correlations among pollutants differed between neighborhoods (e.g., ρ = 0.35-0.80 between PNC and NOX and ρ = 0.11-0.60 between PNC and BC) and were generally lower in Dorchester/South Boston than in the other neighborhoods. We found that the generalizability of near-road gradients and near-highway/urban background contrasts was limited for near-highway neighborhoods in a metropolitan area with substantial local street traffic. Our findings illustrate the importance of measuring gradients of multiple pollutants under different ambient conditions in individual near-highway neighborhoods for health studies involving inter-neighborhood comparisons.
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影响因子：
5
作者：
Finn, Dennis;Clawson, Kirk L.;Heist, David K.
通讯作者：
Heist, David K.
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Hagler, Gayle S. W.;Lin, Ming-Yeng;Jackson, Laura E.
通讯作者：
Jackson, Laura E.
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.063
发表时间：
2014-02-01
期刊：
Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fruin S;Urman R;Lurmann F;McConnell R;Gauderman J;Rappaport E;Franklin M;Gilliland FD;Shafer M;Gorski P;Avol E
通讯作者：
Avol E
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Carslaw, David C.;Ropkins, Karl
通讯作者：
Ropkins, Karl
DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500388
发表时间：
2005-03-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
影响因子：
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作者：
Jerrett, M;Arain, A;Giovis, C
通讯作者：
Giovis, C