The Social Origins of Sustained Attention in One-Year-Old Human Infants.
The Social Origins of Sustained Attention in One-Year-Old Human Infants.
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一岁人类婴儿持续注意力的社会根源。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.026
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Smith,LindaB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yu,Chen;Smith,LindaB
维持注意力的能力是人类发展的一项重大成就，通常被认为是自我调节和内源性（即，内部，自上而下，自愿）控制一个人的注意力和认知系统[1-5]。由于婴儿后期的持续注意力可以预测未来的发展，并且由于持续注意力的早期缺陷是注意力障碍的后期诊断的标志[6]，因此持续注意力通常被视为婴儿的体质和个体属性[6-9]。然而，人类是社会动物;看似非社会能力的发展途径在社会群体中进化，因此可能依赖于社会经验[10-13]。在这里，我们表明，社会背景的事项持续时间的注意力事件在一岁的婴儿在玩玩具。使用头戴式眼动跟踪记录时刻的凝视数据从父母和婴儿，我们发现，当社会合作伙伴（父母）的视觉出席的对象，婴儿的注意力被定向，婴儿，父母的目光后，延长他们的持续时间的视觉注意力的对象。两个社会伙伴看同一个物体是一种被称为联合注意力的研究现象，已被证明对早期学习和社会技能的发展至关重要[14，15]。目前的研究结果暗示联合注意力在儿童自己的持续注意力的发展，从而挑战目前的理解的起源持续注意力的个体差异，提供了一个新的和潜在的可塑性发展途径的自我调节的注意力。
The ability to sustain attention is a major achievement in human development and is generally believed to be the developmental product of increasing self-regulatory and endogenous (i.e., internal, top-down, voluntary) control over one's attention and cognitive systems [1–5]. Because sustained attention in late infancy is predictive of future development, and because early deficits in sustained attention are markers for later diagnoses of attentional disorders [6], sustained attention is often viewed as a constitutional and individual property of the infant [6–9]. However, humans are social animals; developmental pathways for seemingly non-social competencies evolved within the social group and therefore may be dependent on social experience [10–13]. Here, we show that social context matters for the duration of sustained attention episodes in one-year-old infants during toy play. Using head-mounted eye tracking to record moment-by-moment gaze data from both parents and infants, we found that when the social partner (parent) visually attended to the object to which infant attention was directed, infants, after the parent's look, extended their duration of visual attention to the object. Looks to the same object by two social partners is a well-studied phenomenon known as joint attention, which has been shown to be critical to early learning and to the development of social skills [14, 15]. The present findings implicate joint attention in the development of the child's own sustained attention and thus challenge the current understanding of the origins of individual differences in sustained attention, providing a new and potentially malleable developmental pathway to the self-regulation of attention.