A Century of Denial: Preferential and Nonequilibrium Water Flow in Soils, 1864-1984
A Century of Denial: Preferential and Nonequilibrium Water Flow in Soils, 1864-1984
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DOI：
10.2136/vzj2018.08.0153
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发表时间：
2018-12-20
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Beven, Keith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beven, Keith
本文综述了土壤中优先流和非平衡流知识的发展历史，特别是1864年至1984年。本文指出，在埃德加白金汉和洛伦佐A.理查兹理论在20世纪得到发展，并成为土壤物理学的主要基础，有效地否定了白金汉-理查兹理论不足以处理田间土壤中水分流动的所有证据。摘要的证据，从土壤显微镜，跟踪和突破曲线实验，渗透和通流观测，自然管道的研究。对土壤剖面优先流和坡面响应的模拟方法进行了综述，包括粘性流理论和颗粒跟踪方法。进一步的研究是必要的粘度和毛细作用为主的流量，到非层流在较大的孔隙，并从核心和配置文件的实验到更大的山坡规模的升级整合。此外，更严格的假设检验，需要在土壤物理和山坡水文使用流量和示踪剂数据。这可能会导致一个新的范例，在表示在更大尺度上的应用程序在土壤中的流动的细节复杂性。
This review provides a historical summary of the development of knowledge on preferential and non-equilibrium flows in soils, particularly in the period 1864 to 1984. It is pointed out that preferential flows were recognized long before the equilibrium concepts of Edgar Buckingham and Lorenzo A. Richards were developed and became the dominant underpinnings of soil physics in the 20th century, effectively in denial of all the evidence that the Buckingham-Richards theory was inadequate to deal with water flows in field soils. Summaries of evidence from soil microscopy, tracing and breakthrough curve experiments, infiltration and throughflow observations, and studies of natural pipes are presented. Approaches to modeling preferential flows at soil profile and hillslope responses are also reviewed, including viscous flow theory and particle tracking methods. Further research is required into the integration of viscosity and capillarity-dominated flows, into nonlaminar flows in larger pores, and into upscaling from core and profile experiments to larger hillslope scales. Also, more rigorous hypothesis testing is required in soil physics and hillslope hydrology using both flow and tracer data. This might lead to a new paradigm in representing the detail complexity of flow in soils in applications at larger scales.