Comparing the confidence calculation rules for forced-choice recognition memory: A winner-takes-all rule wins
Comparing the confidence calculation rules for forced-choice recognition memory: A winner-takes-all rule wins
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jml.2018.06.001
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Kawaguchi, Jun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miyoshi, Kiyofumi;Kuwahara, Ayumi;Kawaguchi, Jun
使用一种新的基于信号检测理论的方法，本研究的实验 1 和 2 发现，两种选择强制选择 (2-AFC) 识别记忆的内部置信度是以赢者通吃的方式计算的。一对刺激中的一个刺激的信号强度专门决定置信度，而另一条有用信息则被丢弃。在不同类型的视觉感知任务中也报告了类似的赢家通吃的置信度计算，这与目前的发现一起证实了它是一种领域通用的元认知启发式方法。此外，通过使用不太常见的 2-AFC 识别记忆任务来选择新的刺激，实验 3 阐明了这种置信度计算启发式的基本机制。以前，人们假设所选刺激的信号强度选择性地决定置信度，并且忽略未选择刺激的信号强度（启发式使用响应一致证据或决策后确认偏差）。然而，本研究表明，较强信号的强度选择性地决定置信度，而较弱信号的强度则被忽略。也就是说，在信心的构建中，信号竞争的胜者，而不是反应选择的胜者，占据了一切。
Using a new signal-detection-theory-based approach, Experiments 1 and 2 of this study were found to reveal that the internal confidence for two-alternative forced-choice (2-AFC) recognition memory is calculated in a winner takes-all manner. The signal strength for one of a pair of stimuli exclusively determines confidence and the other piece of useful information is discarded. Similar winner-takes-all confidence calculation has been reported in different kinds of visual perception tasks, which, together with the present findings, confirms that it is a domain general metacognitive heuristic. Furthermore, by using a less common 2-AFC recognition memory task to select a new stimulus, Experiment 3 elucidated the underlying mechanism of this confidence calculation heuristic. Previously, it had been assumed that the chosen stimulus's signal strength selectively determines confidence and that the signal strength for the unchosen stimulus is disregarded (heuristic use of response-congruent evidence or post-decisional confirmation bias). However, the present study demonstrates that the strength of a stronger signal selectively determines confidence and that of a weaker signal is disregarded. That is, the winner in signal competition, not response selection, takes all in the construction of confidence.