Air pollution and your brain: what do you need to know right now
Air pollution and your brain: what do you need to know right now
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DOI：
10.1017/s146342361400036x
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发表时间：
2015-07-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Angiulli, Amedeo D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calderon-Garciduenas, Lilian;Calderon-Garciduenas, Ana;Angiulli, Amedeo D.
研究将空气污染主要与呼吸道和心血管疾病联系起来。空气污染对中枢神经系统（CNS）的影响尚未得到广泛认可。城市室外污染是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，在大城市和不发达国家尤为严重，但美国和英国的大小城市也未能幸免。由空气动力学直径定义的细和超细颗粒物（UFPM）（< 2.5 μ m的细颗粒，PM2.5和< 100 nm的UFPM）由于非常小的颗粒能够到达大脑，因此对大脑效应特别感兴趣。在成年人中，环境污染与中风和抑郁症有关，而儿童中出现的情况显示出严重的全身性炎症，全身，脑内和大脑水平的免疫失调，神经炎症和大脑氧化应激，沿着阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病的主要标志：过度磷酸化的tau蛋白，淀粉样蛋白斑块和错误折叠的α-突触核蛋白。暴露于颗粒物质组分的动物模型显示神经炎症和神经变性的标志物。对空气污染暴露与中枢神经系统损伤（尤其是儿童）之间的关系进行流行病学、认知、行为和机制研究，对公众健康和生活质量具有紧迫的重要性。初级保健提供者必须包括完整的产前和产后室内和室外有毒危害的环境和职业史，并应采取措施防止或减少进一步的接触。
Research links air pollution mostly to respiratory and cardiovascular disease. The effects of air pollution on the central nervous system (CNS) are not broadly recognized. Urban outdoor pollution is a global public health problem particularly severe in megacities and in underdeveloped countries, but large and small cities in the United States and the United Kingom are not spared. Fine and ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM) defined by aerodynamic diameter (< 2.5-mu m fine particles, PM2.5, and < 100-nm UFPM) pose a special interest for the brain effects given the capability of very small particles to reach the brain. In adults, ambient pollution is associated to stroke and depression, whereas the emerging picture in children show significant systemic inflammation, immunodysregulation at systemic, intratechal and brain levels, neuroinflammation and brain oxidative stress, along with the main hallmarks of Alzheimer and Parkinson's diseases: hyperphosphorilated tau, amyloid plaques and misfolded alpha-synuclein. Animal models exposed to particulate matter components show markers of both neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Epidemiological, cognitive, behavioral and mechanistic studies into the association between air pollution exposures and the development of CNS damage particularly in children are of pressing importance for public health and quality of life. Primary health providers have to include a complete prenatal and postnatal environmental and occupational history to indoor and outdoor toxic hazards and measures should be taken to prevent or reduce further exposures.