Imaging and estimation of tissue elasticity by ultrasound.
Imaging and estimation of tissue elasticity by ultrasound.
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DOI：
10.1097/ruq.0b013e31815b7ed6
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发表时间：
2007-12-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Garra, Brian Stephen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Garra, Brian Stephen
超声（US）弹性成像是古老的触诊技术和早期US检查组织硬度方法（如echopalpation）的延伸。弹性图像由响应于力的应变图像或估计的弹性模量图像组成。超声弹性成像主要有3种类型：弹性成像，在压缩过程中跟踪组织运动以获得应变估计值;声弹性成像，使用彩色多普勒生成组织运动图像以响应外部振动;以及跟踪剪切波通过组织的传播以获得弹性模量。其他模态可用于弹性成像，最强大的是磁共振弹性成像。随着4个商业美国扫描仪已经提供弹性成像和更多的后续，基于美国的方法可能是最广泛使用的不久的将来。弹性成像几乎适用于所有组织。乳腺肿块弹性成像有可能提高超声和乳腺X线摄影对癌症检测的特异性。甲状腺、前列腺、胰腺和淋巴结中的病变已经成功地使用弹性成像。弥漫性疾病包括肝硬化和移植排斥反应的评估也可以使用影像学和非影像学方法。包括心肌、血管壁、斑块和静脉血栓的血管成像也显示出巨大的潜力。弹性成像在评估消融治疗的进展中也可能是重要的。最近的工作，在评估多孔材料使用弹性成像表明，该技术可能是有用的，在监测的严重程度水肿。
Ultrasound (US) elasticity imaging is an extension of the ancient art of palpation and of earlier US methods for viewing tissue stiffness such as echopalpation. Elasticity images consist of either an image of strain in response to force or an image of estimated elastic modulus. There are 3 main types of US elasticity imaging: elastography that tracks tissue movement during compression to obtain an estimate of strain, sonoelastography that uses color Doppler to generate an image of tissue movement in response to external vibrations, and tracking of shear wave propagation through tissue to obtain the elastic modulus. Other modalities may be used for elasticity imaging, the most powerful being magnetic resonance elastography. With 4 commercial US scanners already offering elastography and more to follow, US-based methods may be the most widely used for the near future. Elasticity imaging is possible for nearly every tissue. Breast mass elastography has potential for enhancing the specificity of US and mammography for cancer detection. Lesions in the thyroid, prostate gland, pancreas, and lymph nodes have been successfully imaged using elastography. Evaluation of diffuse disease including cirrhosis and transplant rejection is also possible using both imaging and nonimaging methods. Vascular imaging including myocardium, blood vessel wall, plaque, and venous thrombi has also shown great potential. Elasticity imaging may also be important in assessing the progress of ablation therapy. Recent work in assessing porous materials using elastography suggests that the technique may be useful in monitoring the severity of lymphedema.