CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES, VELOCITY DISPERSIONS, AND MASS DEFICITS IN ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES WITH CORES
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES, VELOCITY DISPERSIONS, AND MASS DEFICITS IN ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES WITH CORES
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DOI：
10.1088/0004-637x/691/2/l142
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发表时间：
2009-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Kormendy;R. Bender
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Kormendy;R. Bender
高动态范围的表面光度学在一个配套文件，使可能准确测量恒星光赤字Ldef和质量赤字Mdef与椭圆星系的核心。我们发现Ldef与可能受超大质量黑洞（BH）影响的中心区域外的宿主星系球的平均速度色散σ相关。我们确认Ldef与BH质量M·相关。此外，部分光赤字Ldef/L* 与M·/M* 相关，即BH质量与星系恒星质量的比值。所有三个相关性的散点都类似于或小于众所周知的M·和σ之间的相关性的散点。新的相关性是显着的二分法之间的椭圆核和中心额外的光。核心光亏缺与M·和σ密切相关，而额外光不相关。这支持的建议，额外的轻Es湿合并与星爆，而核心Es干合并。在干合并之后，核心被认为是被BH双星冲刷的，BH双星在轨道衰变时将恒星抛离，或者被BH合并时发射的各向异性引力辐射反冲后沉回中心。这些机制的直接证据一直难以捉摸。我们将新的相关性解释为连接核心与BH的“吸烟枪”。总之，M·-σ和M·-Ldef关联为我们提供了两种独立的方法来估计核心Es中的BH质量。
High-dynamic-range surface photometry in a companion paper makes possible accurate measurement of the stellar light deficits Ldef and mass deficits Mdef associated with the cores of elliptical galaxies. We show that Ldef correlates with velocity dispersions σ of the host galaxy bulge averaged outside the central region that may be affected by a supermassive black hole (BH). We confirm that Ldef correlates with BH mass M•. Also, the fractional light deficit Ldef/L* correlates with M•/M*, the ratio of BH mass to the galaxy stellar mass. All three correlations have scatter similar to or smaller than the scatter in the well-known correlation between M• and σ. The new correlations are remarkable in view of the dichotomy between ellipticals with cores and those with central extra light. Core light deficit correlates closely with M• and σ, but extra light does not. This supports the suggestion that extra light Es are made in wet mergers with starbursts whereas core Es are made in dry mergers. After dry mergers, cores are believed to be scoured by BH binaries that fling stars away as their orbits decay or by BHs that sink back to the center after recoiling from anisotropic gravitational radiation emitted when they merge. Direct evidence for these mechanisms has been elusive. We interpret the new correlations as the “smoking gun” that connects cores with BHs. Together, the M•–σ and M•–Ldef correlations give us two independent ways to estimate BH masses in core Es.